Covid-19 variants: Comparative analysis of Omicron, Delta, Beta, and other variants, here’s what clinical scientist Muge Cevik’s study suggests
There’s a lot we don’t yet understand about Omicron, including its impact on immunity and what it means for vaccines. Here’s what clinical scientist Muge Cevik has to say about the emerging omicron virus in South Africa.
Alpha, Beta, Gama, Delta and now Omicron. The Covid-19 variant feels like a loop. It’s been 2 years since the pandemic hit and it doesn’t seem to end anytime soon. The latest Omicron variant was first detected in South Africa and since then it is growing at a rapid pace. Within 10 days it has already spread to more than 36 countries.
There’s a lot we don’t yet understand about Omicron, including its impact on immunity and what it means for vaccines. Here’s what clinical scientist Muge Cevik has to say about the emerging omicron virus in South Africa.
What we might expect & how to interpret the emerging data?
1- Genomic data: According to Cevik, the biggest concern with omicron is that it contains more than 30 mutations in just the spike protein, the part which helps it enter human cells and the target for vaccines. This mutation profile is very different from other variants of the corona. There are plausible biological consequences of some of these mutations, but we don’t really know the combined effect of all these mutations, so the full significance of omicron is uncertain.
So where did Omicron come from? And when? When did the lineage branch off? How old is Omicron itself?
For how long Omicron has been circulating is an important question. Most estimate land ~ mid-October & identification of cases with no travel links to SSA indicates early evidence of community transmission.
According to Immunologist Kristian G. Andersen Andersen, it’s clear that the lineage leading to Omicron is old – possibly mid-2020, but there’s a huge amount of uncertainty in exactly when and where. We also don’t know from what basal lineage this branched off and convergent evolution makes this tricky.
Adding further Anderson said that, we believe (a) the lineage leading to Omicron branched off a long time ago, (b) Omicron is young, but (c) is already widespread in parts of Africa. So what led to Omicron? Three main hypotheses:
a. Undetected circulation b. Immunocompromised patient(s) c. Animal reservoir
2- Epidemiological data:
According to Cevik, epi data could give clues regarding the growth rate. There are several analyses about Gauteng indicating omicron seems to spread quickly, right increasing from ~0.8 to >2. Prelim evidence from South Africa suggests this might be driven by an increased risk of reinfection.
It’s especially concerning that omicron is increasing not only in Gauteng province but also in other parts of South Africa, which could be an indication that the rapid rise is likely not due to other factors such as behaviour.
So, putting all these observations together, we can make an assumption that there might be a correlation between omicron and increased rates of infection.
3- Modelling data
Rapid displacement of existing Delta by Omicron in SA is a key clue that it’s likely growing fast, at least in pop with a 25% vax rate & high immunity from prior infection. We don’t really know whether a similar picture will play out in other countries.
We’ve seen other variants that had us concerned — beta would be the best example. While it had an impact on immune response, it’s been outcompeted w/ intrinsically more transmissible variant, delta. We don’t know the answer as to how this is going to go for omicron.
One of the strongest pieces of evidence to monitor is the trend in other countries, not only increase in omicron cases as this is expected but the replacement of delta. For instance, incidental S-gene target failure (SGTF) seems to be a proxy for omicron due to 69-70del.
Data from England shows a recent uptick in cases w/ SGTF, but this is early data and could indicate importations & linked secondary cases rather than community transmission. So, researchers are carefully watching this data.
4- Immune response
Mutations in the omicron might mean the immune response generated by vaccination (or prior infection) may not target it as well. Important to remember that immune response provides multilayer protection – it is unlikely that all protection will be lost.
Muge Cevik also said that when considering vaccine effectiveness against new variants, there are at least three elements to consider.
As the winter chill sets in, many people find themselves reaching for extra layers or cozy blankets to stay warm. But for those living with diabetes and hypertension, the cold weather could pose more serious threats than you might realize. Recent findings reveal that individuals with these conditions could face an increased risk of severe complications, including stroke and heart attack, during the colder months. Is your health at risk this winter? Let’s dig deeper into the chilling reality.
Cold weather and its impact on hypertension and diabetes
When the temperature drops, the body undergoes various physiological changes to protect itself. For people with hypertension, or high blood pressure, the cold causes blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. The colder weather also causes the body to release more stress hormones, which can further elevate blood pressure levels. But the danger doesn’t stop there for diabetics.
Diabetes patients already struggle with poor circulation, and the winter chill can exacerbate this, leading to higher blood sugar levels and increased chances of complications like nerve damage. Experts are also warning about the added stress on the heart, as diabetics are already at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Health professionals are urging individuals with hypertension and diabetes to take extra precautions during the winter months.
Real-Life incidents raising alarm
There have been multiple reports from hospitals across India indicating a rise in patients suffering from heart attacks and strokes during the colder months. In fact, many of these patients were already dealing with hypertension or diabetes.
A recent case in Bengaluru highlighted this growing concern. A 62-year-old man, who had been managing his high blood pressure for years, was rushed to the emergency room after he suffered a stroke just days after a cold front hit the city. Doctors confirmed that the drop in temperature likely played a key role in the incident.
Taking preventive measures
So, how can diabetics and hypertensive individuals protect themselves during the cold season? Experts recommend the following:
Regular Monitoring: Keep a close watch on your blood pressure and blood sugar levels. With temperature changes, your levels could fluctuate, so make sure you’re regularly checking them.
Stay Warm: Layer up to stay warm but avoid overexerting yourself in extreme cold.
Medication Management: Be cautious about skipping or altering your medication routine. Talk to your doctor about any adjustments needed for winter months.
Exercise Caution Outdoors: Avoid going out during extreme cold, and if you must, ensure you’re properly dressed and limit time spent outside.
Hydration and Diet: Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet is key to managing both blood sugar and blood pressure levels, particularly in colder weather.
As temperatures dip across the country, it’s important for those with hypertension and diabetes to take extra precautions. While winter might seem like a time for cozy warmth, for individuals with these conditions, it could be a hidden danger. Understanding the risks and taking preventive measures can help safeguard your health, ensuring that winter remains a season of comfort rather than complications.
Stay safe, stay warm, and keep your health in check.
Dental care is often overlooked, but even the slightest neglect can lead to significant problems. One of the most common issues is cavities, which are not only painful but can also be expensive and time-consuming to treat. While dental procedures can be costly, there is a natural and effective solution available in Ayurveda: turmeric. Known for its powerful antibacterial and antiseptic properties, turmeric has long been used in traditional medicine for various health benefits, including oral health.
The magical effects of turmeric
Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which is renowned for its ability to reduce inflammation and fight infections. Acting as a natural antibiotic, it helps eliminate bacterial infections in the teeth, making it a potent remedy for cavities. Regular use of turmeric can help reduce the damage caused by cavities and prevent further dental issues.
How to use turmeric and oil for cavity treatment?
One of the most effective ways to combat tooth decay is by combining turmeric with coconut oil. Here’s how you can use this powerful duo for healthier teeth.
Ingredients needed:
1 teaspoon turmeric powder
½ teaspoon coconut oil
A pinch of salt (optional)
Instructions:
Mix the turmeric powder and coconut oil in a bowl until you get a smooth paste.
Add a pinch of salt, if desired.
Apply this mixture directly to the affected tooth and leave it for 10-15 minutes.
Rinse your mouth with warm water after the treatment.
Repeat this process twice daily for the best results.
Other natural remedies for cavities
Besides turmeric, there are a few other home remedies that can help treat cavities and promote overall dental health:
Clove Oil: Clove oil is highly effective in relieving tooth pain and preventing infections. It can be applied directly to the affected area using cotton wool.
Salt and Mustard Oil: A mixture of salt and mustard oil can be used to massage the gums. This not only helps in eliminating cavities but also strengthens the gums.
Neem Leaves: Chewing neem leaves or gargling with neem leaf extract can eliminate bacteria and promote healthy teeth and gums.
Additional benefits of turmeric
Turmeric is not only beneficial for fighting cavities but also offers several other advantages for oral health:
Teeth Whitening: Turmeric can help whiten and brighten your teeth when used regularly.
Reducing Gum Inflammation: It has anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce swelling and inflammation in the gums.
Fresher Breath: Turmeric’s antiseptic qualities can help eliminate bad breath and promote fresher-smelling breath.
Precautions
While turmeric is beneficial, it should not be left on the teeth for prolonged periods as it may cause yellow stains. If your dental issue is severe, it’s always a good idea to consult with a dentist before relying solely on home remedies.
Using turmeric and coconut oil as a natural solution for cavities is not only affordable but also incredibly effective. With regular use, you can maintain healthy teeth and avoid costly dental procedures. Make turmeric a part of your daily routine for a brighter smile and healthier teeth.
India registers 313 new Covid cases, active cases reach 2,041, 3 deaths recorded in last 24 hours
The currently available data suggests that the JN.1 variant is neither leading to an exponential rise in the new cases nor a rise in the hospitalization and mortality.
Published
1 year ago
on
January 20, 2024
By
India saw a single-day rise of 313 new Covid cases, while the active caseload has declined to 2,041, the health ministry said on Saturday. Three deaths: two from Karnataka and one from Maharashtra were reported in the last 24 hours.
According to the ministry website, the number of active cases in the country stood at 2,331 on Friday. The number of cases of Covid had dropped to double digits till December 5, but it began to start increasing after the emergence of a new variant and cold weather conditions.
According to reports after December 5, the highest single day rise of 841new cases was reported on December 31, 2023, which is 0.2% of the peak cases reported in May 2021. Of the total active cases, a large majority of these (around 92%) are recovering under home isolation.
The currently available data suggests that the JN.1 variant is neither leading to an exponential rise in the new cases nor a rise in the hospitalization and mortality. India has witnessed three waves of Covid in the past with its peak incidence of daily new cases and deaths being reported during the delta wave in April June 2021.
At its peak, 414,188 new cases and 3915 deaths were reported on May 7, 2021. Since the pandemic started in early 2020, there have have been 4.5 crore people who have got infected and this has resulted in the death of 5.3 lakh persons in a total time span of four years.
According to the ministry data, the total number of persons who have recuperated from the disease are 4.4 crore with total recovery rate recorded is 98.81%. A total number of 220.67 crore doses of Covid vaccines have been administered in India so far.
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