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Mode of delivery has substantial impact on infants’ health: Study

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7 years ago

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Mode of delivery has substantial impact on infants’ health: Study

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A recent research has discovered that mode of delivery influences the health of infants. The research presented at the meeting of ECCMID 2019 suggested that mode of delivery influences the development of the microbial composition of the gut i.e. the gut microbiota) in infants, independently of a mother’s use of antibiotics. This, in turn, may affect infants’ respiratory health during the first year of life.

The prospective Microbiome Utrecht Infant Study involving 120 infants, found that children born by caesarean section (C-section) had a delay in the normal development of their gut microbiota, and a higher abundance of potentially harmful bacteria, compared to infants delivered vaginally- which could be the mechanism driving the increased risk in respiratory infections.

Over 1000 different types of bacteria live in the gut, where they elicit important functions for health, for example helping to digest food, stimulating the development of the immune system, and protecting against infection. After birth, infants become colonised by an increasing diversity of gut microbes until a relatively stable state is reached. The pace and pattern by which infants acquire their gut microbiome are thought to have a substantial impact on health in later life. Disruption of the normal development of the gut microbiome has been linked with a range of diseases including irritable bowel disease, asthma, allergies and cancer.

Previous research indicated that early life microbiota development is influenced by the mode of delivery, although it has been suggested that this depends mostly on maternal antibiotic exposure. To assess the independent effects of mode of delivery analysed the gut microbiota development in 46 C-section and 74 vaginally delivered infants using stool sam ples collected 10 times during their first year of life. Antibiotic administration to mothers undergoing a C-section was postponed until after clamping of the umbilical cord. Maternal stool samples were also examined two weeks after delivery.

Analyses showed that gut microbiota composition differed significantly between C-section and vaginally delivered infants in the first year, which was most pronounced shortly after birth. This was accompanied by measurable faecal seeding (transfer of maternal vaginal microbes) from mother to child in vaginally delivered infants, but not in children born by C-section.In infants born by C-section, the gut microbiota was less stable and the development of the health-promoting bacterial species Bifidobacterium spp. was delayed compared to vaginally delivered children.Additionally, infants born by C-section had much higher levels of potential pathogenic gut bacteria, irrespective of the length of hospital stay after birth, feeding type, and antibiotic use. Interestingly, the researchers also found that the gut microbiota early in life was associated with the total number of respiratory infections over the first year.

“Our findings suggest that mode of delivery affects the developing infant gut microbiota, independent of a mother’s use of antibiotics during birth. Compared to vaginally delivered infants, children born by C-section have different trajectories of bacterial colonisation, which could have implications for their future respiratory health”, said Marta Reyman, who is the PhD student on this study.”Further research and larger studies will be needed to fully understand the consequences of these changes. The insights gained might help to design strategies to prevent health-related problems following birth by C-section, Reyman added.

The major limitation of this study is the use of 16S rRNA based sequencing, which does not allow annotation of bacteria on a species level or generates results based on genetic content of microbial communities.

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Festivals

Happy Holi 2026 wishes and messages to share with your loved ones

Holi 2026 begins with Holika Dahan and vibrant celebrations across India. Here are the best wishes, messages and quotes to share with loved ones.

Published

2 weeks ago

on

March 3, 2026

By

HappyHoli

As the festival of colours sweeps across India, Holi 2026 is being celebrated with vibrant enthusiasm, bringing together families, friends and communities in a spirit of joy and togetherness. The celebrations began with Holika Dahan on March 2 in several parts of the country, while some cities observed or are set to observe the ritual on March 3.

Holika Dahan marks the symbolic triumph of good over evil. The following day, people take part in Rangwali Holi, smearing each other with colours, dancing to festive music and sharing sweets. In some regions, the colour-filled celebrations continue into Wednesday, adding to the festive mood.

On this occasion, here are some heartfelt wishes, messages, quotes and social media status ideas you can send to your loved ones.

Happy Holi 2026 wishes

  • May the colours of Holi brighten your life and fill your days with happiness, success and prosperity. Happy Holi 2026!
  • Let’s splash colours in the air and celebrate the beautiful bond we share. Wishing you a bright and cheerful Holi!
  • A very Happy Holi to those who add colours to every day of my life.
  • Celebrate Holi with enthusiasm, positivity and lots of colours. Wishing you a vibrant and joyful Holi 2026!
  • Wishing you a Holi as bright and beautiful as your spirit.
  • Just as colours bring happiness, may Holi bring everyone closer together. Happy Holi 2026!

Happy Holi 2026 messages

  • May the colours of Holi illuminate your path and bless you with happiness and prosperity.
  • May your life be as colourful and vibrant as the hues of Holi. Happy Holi 2026!
  • Wishing my squad a Holi that’s as lively and colourful as our adventures together. Happy Holi 2026!
  • Holi teaches us to set aside differences and celebrate unity with colours and joy. Happy Holi!
  • Sending you warm wishes for a Holi filled with love and divine blessings. Happy Holi 2026!
  • Let’s drench each other in colours of fun, laughter and lifelong memories. Happy Holi 2026!

Happy Holi 2026 quotes

  • “Holi is the perfect time to celebrate the colours of our beautiful relationship. Happy Holi!”
  • “May your life become a vibrant canvas this Holi—each splash of colour a reminder of love, hope and dreams.”
  • “May the whispers of Holi fill your day with tender memories and radiant joy. Happy Holi 2026!”
  • “Let’s throw colours in the air and renew our bonds with warmth and affection. Happy Holi 2026!”
  • “On this festival of colours, may your world be filled with joyful moments and bright memories.”
  • “Let go of negativity and embrace positivity. Celebrate this Holi with vibrant colours. Happy Holi!”

Happy Holi 2026 Facebook and WhatsApp status

  • Holi is more than a festival—it’s a celebration of life’s happiest moments. Wishing you a colourful Holi 2026!
  • Holi stands for love, care, happiness and endless fun. Let’s celebrate with all our hearts. Happy Holi!
  • A Holi picture is worth a thousand laughs. Have a fantastic Holi 2026!
  • Life becomes brighter when you add colour to it. Spread joy this Holi 2026!
  • Holi reminds us that good always triumphs over evil. May positivity and success fill your life. Happy Holi 2026!

May every splash of colour bring laughter, love and unforgettable memories. Happy Holi 2026 to you and your family!

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Lifestyle

Valentine’s Day 2026: Wishes, messages and quotes to share with your loved one

Valentine’s Day 2026 is here. Here are heartfelt wishes, romantic messages and timeless quotes to share with your loved one on February 14.

Published

4 weeks ago

on

February 14, 2026

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Valentine's Day 2026: wishes, messages and quotes to share with your loved one

Valentine’s Day 2026 is here, bringing with it a celebration of love, affection and meaningful connections. Observed every year on February 14, the day offers couples an opportunity to express their emotions and strengthen their bond.

The week leading up to the day, popularly known as Valentine’s Week, is marked by the exchange of roses, chocolates, teddy bears and small tokens of affection. For many, these gestures are simple yet heartfelt ways to convey feelings that often go unspoken.

While some people plan elaborate surprises, candlelight dinners or thoughtful gifts, others prefer quiet moments spent together. Whether grand or intimate, the essence of the day lies in celebrating companionship and emotional closeness.

Valentine’s Day is also seen as a time to refresh relationships, revisit shared memories and reaffirm promises of togetherness. From handwritten notes to meaningful conversations, even small gestures can leave a lasting impact.

Valentine’s Day wishes and greetings

  • My love for you cannot be measured. It is as vast as the sky and as endless as the universe.
  • I never liked Valentine’s Day until I met you. You showed me what it truly means.
  • On this Valentine’s Day, I promise to stand by you forever so you never face any obstacle alone. Happy Valentine’s Day.
  • Let us love each other unconditionally, truly, madly and deeply.
  • Happy Valentine’s Day to the person who taught me the real meaning of love.
  • I love you wholeheartedly, and you matter to me the most.
  • Warm wishes on Valentine’s Day to everyone. Love is the most beautiful thing in the world.
  • My favourite place is your heart, where I want to build my home forever.

Valentine’s Day quotes

  • “Everything is clearer when you’re in love.” — John Lennon
  • “Love is that condition in which the happiness of another person is essential to your own.” — Robert A. Heinlein
  • “I never want to stop making memories with you.” — Pierre Jeanty
  • “To love and be loved is to feel the sun from both sides.” — David Viscott
  • “Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence.” — Vincent van Gogh

Valentine’s Day remains a reminder that love, in its many forms, deserves to be expressed and celebrated — not just on February 14, but every day of the year.

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Festivals

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026 wishes shared as festival of faith, positivity and new beginnings

Makar Sankranti 2026 marks a new beginning as devotees observe holy rituals and exchange heartfelt wishes across India.

Published

2 months ago

on

January 14, 2026

By

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026

Makar Sankranti is being celebrated across India with great enthusiasm on Wednesday, January 14, 2026, marking one of the most significant festivals in the Hindu calendar. Observed as the day when the Sun begins its northward journey, the festival symbolises new beginnings, positive energy and prosperity.

The day holds deep religious importance. Devotees across the country take a holy dip in sacred rivers and perform charity and donations, practices believed to bring spiritual merit and peace. Sun worship is also an integral part of the festival, with many offering prayers at sunrise, seeking happiness, good health and success.

Beyond its spiritual meaning, Makar Sankranti is also known for its vibrant cultural celebrations. From rooftops filled with colourful kites to homes preparing traditional sweets made of jaggery and sesame, the festival brings together families and communities in celebration.

Festival of harvest, harmony and hope

Makar Sankranti is widely regarded as a harvest festival, especially in agrarian regions, marking the arrival of fresh crops and renewed hope. The exchange of sweets made from sesame seeds and jaggery reflects the message of sweetness in relationships and warmth in communication.

As part of the celebrations, people are sharing thoughtful wishes and messages with friends, family and loved ones, expressing hopes for happiness, success and togetherness in the year ahead. Many messages highlight themes such as strong bonds, rising ambitions and uncut kites of success, drawing inspiration from the festival’s symbols.

A celebration that unites tradition and joy

With blue skies dotted with flying kites and households resonating with festive prayers, Makar Sankranti continues to stand as a reminder of tradition, gratitude and renewal. The festival encourages people to let go of negativity and move forward with optimism, making it one of the most cherished occasions of the year.

As celebrations unfold nationwide, exchanging warm wishes remains a simple yet meaningful way to make the festival special, reinforcing bonds and spreading joy.

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026 Wishes in English

1.
 The sweetness of jaggery, the aroma of sesame,
Colorful kites in the sky and love in every heart.
Wishing you and your family a joyful
and wonderful Makar Sankranti!

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026

2.
 If sesame is us and jaggery is you,
If sweets are us and sweetness is you,
As the first festival of the year begins,
May Makar Sankranti bring happiness to you.

Warm wishes on Makar Sankranti

3.
 Kites filling the sky,
Sweetness of jaggery all around,
May happiness find a permanent place
in your life this Makar Sankranti.

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026

4.
 With sesame laddoos and peanuts in abundance,
Wishing you a joyful and blessed
festival of Makar Sankranti.

5.
 Blue skies, colorful kites,
and joy in every direction.
Celebrate Makar Sankranti
with your loved ones.

Heartfelt Makar Sankranti wishes

6.
 May your kite never be cut,
May your string always stay strong.
May happiness surround your home,
and success follow you all year long.
May Makar Sankranti bring prosperity
and joy into your life.

Happy Makar Sankranti 2026

7.
 Temple bells, sacred prayers,
The golden glow of the rising sun by the river.
May happiness bloom in your life,
Wishing you a blessed Makar Sankranti.

8.
 The first harvest of the year
and the first happiness too.
Wishing you a joyful
Makar Sankranti.

9.
 May the kite of your success
always soar high in the sky.
Happy Makar Sankranti!

10.
 May your flight be high and your string be strong,
May happiness echo around you all along.
May your success rise so high,
That no one can ever bring it down.

Warm wishes on Makar Sankranti

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