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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: What was the reason behind Amritsar massacre in 1919? Know why April 13 is called the darkest day in Indian history

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, marked the turning point in India’s freedom struggle.

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jallianwala bagh massacre

The Amritsar massacre, popularly known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, was a watershed moment in India’s independence war. April 13, 1919, is still remembered as the darkest day in Indian history, even after 100 years. Today marks the 103rd anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which occurred during the Baisakhi celebration.

Peaceful protest at the Jallianwala Bagh turned into massive violence after General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to start firing which led to the deaths of hundreds of people and injuring over thousands of people.

What led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?

On March 10, 1919, the Rowlatt Act (Black Act) was passed, allowing the government to detain or confine anybody suspected of seditious acts without a trial. This resulted in widespread unrest. To oppose the Rowlatt Act, Gandhi started the Satyagraha movement.

The British authorities debated what action to take against Gandhi and any other Satyagraha activists. Gandhi was forbidden from visiting Punjab, and if he disobeyed the orders, he would be arrested. On Ram Navami Day, April 9, 1919, O’ Dwyer issued instructions to Deputy Commissioner Irving to arrest Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlew.

Read Also: 103 years of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Here are 7 lesser-unknown facts you must know

Thousands of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh to commemorate Baisakhi and peacefully protest the arrests of two prominent politicians, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. However, public meetings and processions were prohibited, which the locals were unaware of.

What happened in Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

On April 13, at least 10,000 men, women, and children assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, which was pretty much fully surrounded by walls and had only one exit. It’s unclear how many protesters violated the restriction on public gatherings and how many people had traveled to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate Baisakhi, a spring festival.

Dyer and his men arrived and locked the door behind them. The forces opened fire on the gathering without warning, allegedly firing hundreds of bullets until they ran out of bullets. It’s unknown how many people died in the tragedy, but according to an official source, 379 people were killed, and about 1,200 wounded.

The troops fled from the spot as soon as they stopped the fire, leaving the dead and injured behind. Following the shooting, Punjab declared martial law, which included public floggings and other humiliations.

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CM Yogi Adityanath says no clashes in UP, not even tu tu main main on Ram Navami

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Cabinet approves Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund for space sector startups

Established as part of the 2020 space sector reforms, IN-SPACe was created by the Government of India to facilitate private sector participation in space activities.

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The Union Cabinet on Thursday approved setting up of a Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund to help space sector startups, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said.

The fund is expected to support approximately 40 startups in the sector and will accelerate the private space industry’s growth.

It will also push advancements in space technology and strengthen India’s leadership through private-sector participation, the government said.

The capital infusion will also create a multiplier effect by attracting additional funding for later-stage development.

In a post on X, PM Modi said: “Excellent news for the space sector! The Cabinet’s decision on establishing a Venture Capital Fund dedicated to the space sector will have a phenomenal impact on the youth. It will give opportunities to several innovative minds and add momentum to our space programme.”

Union Home Minister Amit Shah said PM Modi has infused new force into the growth of the Indian space sector by deciding to set up a Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund in the Union Cabinet.

The fund, under the aegis of IN-SPACe, will fortify Bharat’s leadership in the space sector by creating a multiplier effect by attracting new investments while spurring the growth of the existing companies, he said in a post on X.

As per the government’s plan, the proposed Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund is expected to have a deployment period of up to five years from the start of the fund operations.

It is anticipated that the average deployment amount could range from Rs 150-250 crore per year, depending on the investment opportunities and fund requirements.

The proposed break-up for the Rs 1,000 crore fund’s deployment on a financial year basis such as Rs 150 crore for 2025-26, Rs 250 crore for each financial year starting from 2026 till 2029, and Rs 100 crore for 2029-30.

Established as part of the 2020 space sector reforms, IN-SPACe was created by the Government of India to facilitate private sector participation in space activities.

The proposed Rs1,000 crore venture capital fund under IN-SPACe aims to support the growth of India’s space economy, which is currently valued at S8.4 billion, with a target to reach $44 billion by 2033.

This initiative is essential to address the critical need for risk capital, given the hesitation of traditional lenders to fund startups in the high-tech space sector.

Furthermore, as nearly 250 space startups have emerged across the value chain, timely financial support is crucial to ensure their growth and prevent talent loss overseas. The proposed government-backed fund is expected to enhance investor confidence, attract private capital, and demonstrate the government’s commitment to advancing space reforms.

Additionally, it will function as an “Alternative Investment Fund” under SEBI regulations, providing early-stage equity to startups and enabling them to scale for further private equity investments.

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Jammu and Kashmir CM Omar Abdullah meets PM Modi in Delhi

Since the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into a Union Territory in 2019, the police force has been under the jurisdiction of the Union Home Ministry.

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Jammu and Kashmir’s Chief Minister Omar Abdullah met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday during his first visit to the national capital since taking office recently.

He is expected to submit a resolution passed by his Cabinet, calling for the restoration of Jammu and Kashmir’s Statehood.

Following an outstanding victory in the recent Assembly elections in the Union Territory, where Abdullah’s National Conference secured 42 out of the 90 Assembly seats, this marks a significant political development.

During its first Cabinet meeting, the new government passed a resolution urging the central government to restore Jammu and Kashmir’s Statehood, which was subsequently approved by Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha.

The move towards reinstating statehood is viewed as a critical step in promoting reconciliation, upholding constitutional rights, and preserving the distinctive identity of the region’s inhabitants.

Endorsed by his Cabinet, the Chief Minister now has the authority to engage with the Prime Minister and the central government to advocate for the reinstatement of Jammu and Kashmir’s Statehood.

Abdullah also engaged with Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari, discussing road connectivity projects in Jammu and Kashmir during their meeting at Gadkari’s office, where Abdullah presented a traditional Kashmiri shawl.

On Wednesday, the Chief Minister had a meeting with Union Home Minister Amit Shah to address various issues concerning the Union Territory, focusing on the prompt restoration of Statehood. This meeting was described as a courtesy call, during which Abdullah briefed the Union Home Minister on the situation and the Statehood restoration matter.

https://twitter.com/JKNC_/status/1849117896858833290

Abdullah’s visit followed a recent tragic terror attack in the Gangangeer area of Ganderbal district, where seven individuals, including a doctor, were ruthlessly killed by terrorists just three days prior.

Since the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into a Union Territory in 2019, the police force has been under the jurisdiction of the Union Home Ministry.

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Cyclone Dana: Over 300 trains cancelled as storm approaches Odisha coast, Kolkata airport halts ops

Ahead of Cyclone Dana’s landfall, all educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities, will remain closed in 14 districts of Odisha until October 25.

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As many as 300 trains have been cancelled by Indian Railways on account of cyclonic storm Dana which is expected to make landfall on Bhitarkanika National Park and Dhamra Port in Odisha by Friday. The Kolkata airport has suspended all its operations starting at 6 pm on Thursday as a precautionary measure ahead of Cyclone ‘Dana’.

Flight operations at the Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar will remain suspended for 16 hours from Thursday evening given cyclone ‘Dana’.

“Airport operation will be suspended from 5 pm on October 24 to 9 am on October 25 due to cyclone ‘Dana’,” the statement said.

Around 150 trains were cancelled including Howrah-Secunderabad Falaknuma Express, Kamakhya-Yesvantpur AC Express, Howrah-Puri Shatabdi Express, Howrah-Bhubaneswar Shatabdi Express and Howrah-Yesvantpur Express.

Additionally, the East Coast Railways has cancelled 198 trains, including Howrah-Secunderabad, Shalimar Puri, Kamakhya-Bangalore, New Delhi-Bhubaneswar, Kharagpur-Villupuram, Howrah-Bhubaneswar, Shalimar-Hyderbad, Howrah-Puri, and others.

Furthermore, the EMU local train service from Sealdah station and Hasnabad in West Bengal will remain suspended from 8 pm on Thursday to Friday.

The Eastern Railways has also cancelled several express trains, including Patna-Ernakulam Express, Kolkata-Puri, Puri-Kolkata, Dibrugarh-Kanniyakumari, and Bengaluru-Guwahati, among others.

Cyclone ‘Dana’, expected to have wind speeds reaching up to 120 km/h (75 mph), is forecasted to make landfall between Bhitarkanika National Park and Dhamra Port in Odisha by Friday morning as per the India Meteorological Department (IMD).

The cyclonic storm ‘Dana,’ originating over the east-central Bay of Bengal on Wednesday, is likely to bring heavy rainfall to various southern West Bengal districts, including Kolkata, according to the IMD.

An official from the Meteorological Department mentioned that parts of Jharkhand might witness heavy to very heavy rainfall starting Thursday night due to the influence of cyclonic storm ‘Dana’.

In Odisha, Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi confirmed that over 30 percent of the targeted 1 million people have been successfully evacuated to safe places by Wednesday evening in preparation for cyclone Dana. The government aimed to evacuate 1,060,336 individuals from 14 districts by Tuesday.

Ahead of Cyclone Dana’s landfall, all educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities, will remain closed in 14 districts of Odisha until October 25.

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee declared that she would stay overnight in Nabanna to oversee the landfall and reassured that all necessary measures have been implemented to lessen the storm’s impact.

The Railway Ministry has conducted a review of preparations and directed to minimise traffic disruptions, as mentioned by General Manager of East Coast Railway Parmeshwar Funkwal.

Both the Odisha and West Bengal teams from the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) have been put on standby. Furthermore, rescue and relief teams from the Army, Navy, and Coast Guard are on high alert.

As Cyclone ‘Dana’ is expected to hit the coasts of West Bengal and Odisha on October 24-25, the Indian Coast Guard is on high alert and has positioned its vessels and aircraft strategically to swiftly respond to any maritime emergencies.

@IndiaCoastGuard Region (North East) has initiated preventive measures ahead of Cyclone ‘DANA’, expected to make landfall off #WestBengal and #Odisha between 24-25 Oct 24. Our ships, helicopters, and Dornier aircraft are fully prepared for assistance, rescue and relief operations,” it said in a post on X.

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