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De-materialised woes await the MSME sector of India

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De-materialised woes await the MSME sector of India

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Union government’s decision to also de-materialise all stocks of unlisted companies could create insurmountable obstacles in the path of already gasping small units.

~By Sujit  Bhar

The benefit of floating a limited liability company is in ensuring that in the unfortunate incident of a fire sale or forced liquidation, the promoters’ personal assets can, to a large extent, remain beyond the legal purview of attachment. In India, a Private Limited Company, or even the new Limited Liability Partnership Company format can provide this escape route.

However, it is not just for setting up an escape route that most businesspersons decide on a private limited stock company. The principal among the other options is the desire to hold the shareholding pattern close to one’s chest. That is not an illegal act, not by a mile. Such shareholding will have to be disclosed in the case of applying for a loan and/or in debt restructuring. The banks and company law authorities are well aware of the innards of a privately held company.

However, the Union government’s new idea of dematerialising stocks of a privately held company would mean a paradigm shift in the system. When public money is not involved in the promotion of a particular company – it being a privately held company – there remains a freedom in the underwriting of stocks by shareholders who would be doing this for the sheer benefit of the company. There is also the issue of the promoter refinancing the company, dipping into his or her personal assets.

The privacy issue is always at hand, especially with the recent Supreme Court’s unanimous nine-judge bench judgment that privacy is indeed a fundamental right. However, more importantly, there is the issue of the government probably refusing to accept that promoters of private companies in general lack the honesty and integrity in business. That is, to put it mildly, not a fair assessment of the entrepreneur class of the country.

Then there is the problem of how such stock would be dematerialised, and who would hold such stock in its dematerialised form and how. Also, who would be privy to such information? Listed companies’ stocks have all been dematerialised – all 6,000-odd of them. Such stocks are held in SEBI-government authorised depositories. This made sense, especially when quick transfer and sales is in question, as also when futures and options do come into play. It is also useful in the formation of portfolios of mutual funds because shareholders and the general public are aware of what the components of the bond look and feel like.

Stock-holding patterns of all listed companies are available on the respective stock exchange sites. However, if stocks of a private company are held in a depository in an electronic form, each and every stock of all the 16 lakh-plus registered companies would be up for scrutiny.

The government has admitted that scrutiny is the principal reason why this dematerialisation of privately held stocks is being considered in the first place. Nobody doubts the intention, but this being India, and corrupt practices being the main plank of administration, such  information can easily be used to  delve into a private company, blackmail its promoters and play havoc with its financial structure.

Shell companies are a menace, no doubt about it – the government has struck off 2.09 lakh companies from its registry already. But, quite like GST and Aadhaar, the government has not even thought about a fool-proof method to secure private information from prospective wrongdoers. Unlike publicly held and joint stock companies, the internal structure of a private company can change quickly and completely. This enables the company to sometimes handle big projects with meagre resources. If every move has to be immediately passed through electronic checkpoints, this will become difficult.

Also, going by the government’s track record in GST it will, probably, initiate the entire process in one go, with systems upending and breaking down, completely derailing business activity for a small entrepreneur. The MSME sector, already gasping for breath due to the fallouts of GST and demonetisation, will be the worst affected.

And talking about the MSME sector, we come to the intransigence of the banks. Even if the stocks are in dematerialised form, realising the value of a stock of a private company will remain as difficult, if not impossible, because market forces will not be acting on them. That would mean that providing for capital expenditure could remain as difficult for a small company, if not worse. The question is, what would be the end benefit of this mammoth task and increased paperwork for the small company? Indian banks, stoic in lending as they are, could place demands for changes in stockholding pattern and more, before they part with a penny. They will, effectively transfer all risk to the entrepreneur. Small firms survive on such debt.

Media reports have indicated that the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and SEBI are already talking about the huge number of issues that are set to come up in implementing the Companies Act, 2013.

The government has to remember that while the dematerialisation process for listed entities started in the mid-1990s it took a long time to formally put in place the elements and to tighten the millions of nuts and bolts. The midnight-GST approach will spell doom for the MSME sector. It will be the second doom for them after demonetisation.

The ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), says that the sector remains an “untapped high growth segment”. It says that by current estimates the entire MSME sector, spread across rural and urban India, comprises 51 million units and provides employment to over 117 million persons. The sector contributes 7 percent to India’s GDP while accounting for 45 percent of the total manufacturing output and 40 percent of the exports from India.

However, it has been found in independent studies that this sector’s contribution to the GDP has actually fallen by 0.5 percent in recent years and is slated to go down even further. At the same time, the study found, that 18.7 percent more MSME units have been added between 2014-15 and 2015-16. This means that the number of employees in them too has shot up. That was how the figure of 117 million was arrived at, starting from 81 million. This includes the organised sector, as well as an estimate of the unorganised sector.

If anything, it is the moral obligation of the government to nourish this sector, to keep all those people employed. Frankly, adding roadblocks in the paths of progress is certainly not one of them.

Big companies have the stomach to weather huge changes. Smaller ones don’t. In an age where banks are quickly distancing themselves from collateral-less units, more sorrow is not welcome.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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Google reduces 10% of managerial staff to enhance efficiency and ‘Googleyness’

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Google has pruned its managerial workforce, reducing it by 10% in a move aimed at streamlining operations and redefining its corporate culture in a year-long push. This pruning, part of a broader efficiency drive, includes a 10% cut at manager, director, and vice president levels.

Reports indicate that during an all-hands meeting, CEO Sundar Pichai outlined the rationale behind the decision, emphasizing the need for efficiency and redefining the company’s core values, often referred to as “Googleyness.”

A Google spokesperson revealed that some affected employees would transition to individual contributor roles, while others faced role eliminations. These adjustments come amidst growing challenges in the tech industry, particularly with rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and fierce competition from rivals like OpenAI.

The AI race and Google’s response

The tech giant has recently intensified its focus on AI innovations, unveiling Gemini 2.0, its most advanced AI model yet. Sundar Pichai described the new model as heralding a “new agentic era” in which AI systems are designed to comprehend and make decisions about the world.

This announcement boosted Google’s stock, which surged by over 4% following the news, a day after a 3.5% increase attributed to breakthroughs in its quantum chip technology.

Previous layoffs in 2024

The latest layoffs mark Google’s fourth round of job cuts in 2024. Earlier in January, Google eliminated several hundred positions in its global advertisements team. In June, its cloud unit also saw workforce reductions. By January of this year, Google had already cut 12,000 roles, equivalent to 6.4% of its global workforce.

In a letter addressed to employees during the earlier layoffs, Pichai took responsibility for the decisions, stating that the company had experienced dramatic growth that required adjustments to sustain operations. Despite efforts, he acknowledged the process could have been managed better.

Redefining ‘Googleyness’

At the same meeting, Pichai stressed the need to revisit and reshape the concept of “Googleyness.” This term, often used to define the company’s unique culture and hiring philosophy, will now play a pivotal role in transforming corporate dynamics to adapt to new challenges.

The adjustments highlight Google’s commitment to staying competitive while reshaping its operational framework to remain aligned with its long-term vision.

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Zomato introduces Food Rescue feature

“We don’t encourage order cancellation at Zomato, because it leads to a tremendous amount of food wastage,” he said.

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Zomato has introduced a new feature called Food Rescue to minimise food wastage, announced the food delivery platform CEO Deepinder Goyal on Sunday.

Announcing the new feature on X, Goyal said the decision, to introduce the new feature, was taken to prevent the tremendous amount of food wastage due to order cancellation on the platform.

Committed to minimising food wastage, the Zomato boss said: “We don’t encourage order cancellation at Zomato, because it leads to a tremendous amount of food wastage.”

Goyal said despite having stringent policies, and a no-refund policy for cancellations, more than 4 lakh perfectly good orders get cancelled, for various reasons by customers.

He said the top concern for the online food delivery platform, the restaurant industry, and even the customers who cancel these orders, is to somehow save the food from going to waste.

With the launch of the new feature, Food Rescue, cancelled orders will now pop up for nearby customers, who can grab them at an unbeatable price, in their original untampered packaging, and receive them in just minutes.

According to Zomato, the cancelled order will pop up on the app for customers within a 3 km radius of the delivery partner carrying the order. To ensure freshness, the option to claim will only be available for a few minutes.

The online food delivery platform will not keep any proceeds except the required government taxes and the amount paid by the new customer will be shared with the original customer (if they made payment online) and with the restaurant partner.

Orders containing items sensitive to distances or temperature such as ice creams, shakes, smoothies, and certain perishable items, will not be eligible for Food Rescue.

Restaurant partners will continue to receive compensation for the original cancelled order, plus a portion of the amount paid by the new customer if the order is claimed, the company said. “Most restaurants have opted in for this feature, and can opt of it easily whenever they want, directly from their control panels,” it added.

The delivery partners will be compensated fully for the entire trip, from the initial pickup to the final drop-off at the new customer’s location, it said.

Food Rescue will show up on the customers’ home page automatically if there’s a cancelled order available for them to grab. The Customers have to refresh the home page to check for any newly available orders which need to be rescued.

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Adani, Torrent compete to purchase Gujarat Titans from CVC Capital

The probable sale of the Gujarat Titans, with the lock-in period coming to a close, will therefore be a defining moment in the changing face of IPL investments.

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The Adani Group and Torrent Group are currently negotiating a deal with private equity firm CVC Capital Partners to offload a controlling stake in the Indian Premier League franchise Gujarat Titans. According to sources, close to the development, reports say CVC Capital Partners will be looking to sell a majority interest while retaining a minority share in the franchise.

This becomes important because it is aligned with the end of the lock-in period by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which restricts any new teams from selling stakes until February 2025. The three-year-old franchise Gujarat Titans is reportedly worth $1 billion to $1.5 billion. CVC Capital Partners had paid ₹5,625 crore for the franchise in 2021.

A source close to the development pointed out that IPL franchises have attracted many investors’ interest since the league has proved an asset with a good reputation for money-making capabilities and cash flows. This growing interest of investors embodies the financial value and stability that come with the IPL franchises.

Gautam Adani, who owns teams in the Women’s Premier League and UAE-based International League T20, is understood to be one of the serious buyers. In 2023, Adani’s group won the Ahmedabad franchise in the WPL with a bid of Rs1,289 crore, the highest offer. His interests in this potential deal signal his commitment to expanding his footprint in the cricketing world.

Arvinder Singh, COO of Gujarat Titans, exuded confidence in the financial future of the franchise. He said the team was confident of turning profitable in the next media rights cycle, referring to even the original ten IPL franchises that took four to five years to turn profitable. He added confidently that the Gujarat Titans would not only turn profitable but significantly enhance in brand value.
 
This surging interest of investors in it is evidence of the growing financial attractiveness of IPL franchises, driven by healthy revenue streams and an increasing global footprint. The probable sale of the Gujarat Titans, with the lock-in period coming to a close, will therefore be a defining moment in the changing face of IPL investments.

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