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10 per cent quota for general category EWS: SC refuses stay, issues notice to Centre

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Supreme Court

While refusing to stay the implementation of 10 per cent quota for economically weaker sections (EWS) in jobs and admissions to education institutions, including private ones, the Supreme Court today (Friday, Jan 25) issued notice to the Centre giving it four weeks to respond to a petition challenging the Constitutional amendment enabling the quota.

A bench, headed by Chief Justice of India Rajan Gogoi and comprising Justice Sanjiv Khanna, was hearing petitions that seek quashing of the Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 on the ground that it violates the basic features of the Constitution and contradicts several judgments of the Court protecting the fundamental rights.

The petitioners contend that the amendments made to Article 15 and 16 of the Constitution are legally unsustainable as they violate the Basic Structure doctrine laid down by the Supreme Court in its Kesavananda Bharati verdict by doling out reservation benefits based on economic backwardness.

The petitioners have also said that the amendments are also a violation of the Supreme Court’s nine-judge Bench judgment in Indra Sawhney case which had settled the law that economic backwardness cannot be the sole basis for reservation.

The Indra Sawhney judgment had capped reservations – meant explicitly for those from the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and socially backward classes – at 50 per cent. The 50% ceiling limit of quota had been “engrafted as a part of the Basic Structure of the Constitution’s equality code” by the Court.

The petitioners say the amendments excluded the OBC and the SC/ST communities from the scope of the economic reservation. This, it says, “essentially implies that only those who are poor from the general categories would avail the benefits of the quotas.”

They argue that the high creamy layer limit of Rs. 8 lakh per annum ensured that the elite capture the reservation benefits.

“By way of the present amendments, the exclusion of the OBCs and the SCs/STs from the scope of the economic reservation essentially implies that only those who are poor from the general categories would avail the benefits of the quotas. Taken together with the fact that the high creamy layer limit of Rs 8 lakh per annum ensures that the elite in the OBCs and SCs/STs capture the reservation benefits repeatedly, the poor sections of these categories remain completely deprived,” says a petition.

It says the Court had settled the law that the “State’s reservation policy cannot be imposed on unaided educational institutions, and as they are not receiving any aid from the State, they can have their own admissions provided they are fair, transparent, non-exploitative and based on merit”.

The plea states, “While the impugned amendment attempts to overcome the applicability of Articles 19(1)(g) and 29(2), it remains completely silent on Article 14, which right protects the citizens from manifestly arbitrary State action.”

The petition also contends that the term “economically weaker sections” remained undefined in the Bill along with the “ambiguous” term of “State.”

Both Houses of Parliament, during the winter session, passed the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019 – which became the Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act after it was passed and got the President’s assent – providing 10 per cent quota for the EWS for general category candidates in government jobs and higher education institutions.

Several states have already implemented the quota, including Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.

Under the Act, people whose families have a gross annual income of up to Rs 8 lakh, from all sources, can avail the quota. Families which own over five acres agricultural land, over 1,000 square feet house, over 100 yard plot in notified municipal area, or over 200 yard plot in non-notified municipal area cannot avail the benefit of this reservation.

Besides the petitions now in the Supreme Court, a similar plea has also been filed by the DMK in Madras High Court challenging the amendments.

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Uttar Pradesh CM directs high vigilance ahead of Bakri Eid, orders strict compliance on sacrifice and prayers

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister has directed state administrative and police heads to ensure strict vigilance ahead of Bakri Eid. Rules mandate animal sacrifice only at designated spots and prohibit road blockages for public prayers.

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Yogi Adityanath

In view of the upcoming festival of Bakri Eid, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath reviewed administrative and security arrangements across the state. In a high-level security meeting, the chief minister directed officials to strengthen vigilance and clearly specified that the ritual sacrifice of animals will not be permitted in public spaces under any circumstances.

The state administration clarified that sacrifices must take place strictly at pre-designated, approved locations, and no new religious practices or traditions are to be encouraged. The chief minister also reiterated the ongoing ban on the sacrifice of prohibited animals across the state.

Guidelines on public prayers and law enforcement

To ensure that public mobility and normal life are not disrupted, the administration has directed that namaz must be offered exclusively at traditional venues. The government statement explicitly noted that permission will not be granted to offer prayers by blocking roads under any circumstances.

To prevent any communal friction or law-and-order issues, police chiefs and district magistrates in sensitive areas have been instructed to act proactively. The chief minister interacted directly with administrative heads of highly monitored districts, including Aligarh, Bijnor, Saharanpur, Rampur, and Sambhal. Law enforcement agencies have been asked to analyze past incidents to identify potential disruptive elements and initiate preventive action. Furthermore, continuous foot patrolling and pre-festival flag marches are to be conducted near religious sites and in sensitive neighborhoods. Regular dialogue will also be maintained with local peace committees at the police station, tehsil, and district levels to foster communal harmony.

Cleanliness, waste management, and slaughterhouse checks

The state directives place heavy emphasis on hygiene and the systemic disposal of waste during the festive period. Every district must implement a well-planned system to manage and dispose of waste following ritual sacrifices.

Media reports highlight that the open sale of meat remains strictly prohibited, and illegal slaughterhouses will not be allowed to operate anywhere in the state. For authorized and licensed slaughterhouses, the administration has mandated that the number of animals kept must strictly align with the officially prescribed capacity. Additionally, round-the-clock power supply, sanitation, and municipal security will be monitored.

Preparations for Ganga Dussehra and community grievance redressal

The review meeting also outlined security and safety measures for the upcoming Ganga Dussehra festival. Districts such as Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Hapur, Muzaffarnagar, and Amroha have been instructed to ensure clean ghats, proper barricading, shade provisions, and efficient parking management. Given the prevailing intense heatwave conditions, the comfort and safety of visiting devotees must be treated as a top priority, with ambulances deployed near heavy footfall areas.

In a bid to improve governance, the chief minister also passed several other structural directives during the session. Weekly ‘chaupals’ (community gatherings) are to be organized at the block level to immediately resolve public grievances, including revenue disputes, domestic violence, extortion, and local police complaints. These gatherings will also serve to enroll eligible beneficiaries into pending government welfare schemes.

On the administrative and regulatory front, a crackdown against vehicles running without number plates has been initiated alongside the creation of a specialized task force to eliminate illegal mining. Urgent appointments will also be filled in districts currently lacking a chief medical officer. Concluding the meeting, the administration reviewed the Department of AYUSH, ordering effective steps to deploy the ‘AYUSH Health and Wellness Policy-2026’ to promote the state as a premier global wellness tourism destination.

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No uniform civil code provisions will be imposed on tribals, clarifies Amit Shah

Union Home Minister Amit Shah has assured tribal communities that the proposed Uniform Civil Code will not interfere with their customs, urging them not to be misled by misinformation.

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Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Sunday declared that the proposed Uniform Civil Code (UCC) will not impact tribal populations in any manner. He called upon the community to stay vigilant against “conspiracies” and misinformation circulating on the subject.

Addressing the Janjati Sanskritik Samagam—a tribal conclave organized by the Janjati Suraksha Manch at the Red Fort grounds to mark the 150th birth anniversary year of Birsa Munda—Shah stated that specific provisions have been implemented in states ruled by the ruling party to exclude tribal communities from the scope of the code.

Clarification on customs and traditions

The Home Minister highlighted that a deliberate narrative has emerged suggesting the proposed legislation would strip tribal societies of their distinct culture, traditions, and customary lifestyles.

He explicitly clarified that the central government has no intention of forcing UCC regulations upon tribal or Vanvasi communities. Shah pointed out that where regional administrations have initiated the code, care has been taken by the leadership to ensure that indigenous populations remain fully outside its jurisdiction. He requested attendees to disseminate this assurance deeply into forest zones and rural villages to erase lingering apprehensions.

Focus on security and community development

Beyond the legislative framework, Shah detailed the progress made toward curbing internal security threats, stating that the nation is steadily advancing toward eradicating Naxalism entirely. He noted that violent disruptions had severely restricted progress in these belts for decades, leading to the loss of thousands of tribal lives. According to the minister, regional stability will now pave the way for accelerated development across remote hills and forests.

The address also covered constitutional rights regarding personal faith. Shah mentioned that the original framework of the Constitution grants every citizen the dignity to practice their traditional beliefs without facing coercion, temptation, or material inducement for religious conversion.

Reflecting on financial allocations, the minister criticized earlier political administrations for keeping tribal welfare funding low. He underscored that the current administration under Prime Minister Narendra Modi significantly elevated the dedicated tribal budget from a previous Rs 28,000 crore to Rs 1.54 lakh crore. Terming the vast gathering a historical movement for cultural preservation, Shah described the societal awakening as a major step toward safeguarding tribal heritage for future generations.

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Petrol crosses Rs 100 mark in Delhi after fresh Rs 2 hike amid global tensions

Petrol and diesel prices have been hiked by Rs 2 per litre in Delhi, pushing petrol past the Rs 100 mark. The revision marks the fourth increase within two weeks, driven by the ongoing Iran-US conflict.

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Excise duty on petrol

In a significant blow to daily commuters, domestic fuel prices have been raised once again. Petrol and diesel rates were increased by Rs 2 per litre on Monday, marking the fourth such upward revision in the last two weeks. With this latest hike, the price of petrol has officially breached the psychological threshold of Rs 100 per litre in the national capital.

The consecutive revisions come on the back of severe disruptions in global oil supplies triggered by the ongoing military escalation between Iran and the United States. As international crude markets navigate the fallout of the West Asia crisis, domestic oil marketing companies have steadily passed the financial burden onto consumers to cope with surging production costs. Prior to this update, fuel rates had already experienced multiple sharp spikes over the last fortnight, compounding the financial strain on households.

Media reports indicate that while the central government had previously managed to hold steady on retail prices during the early phases of the geopolitical disruption, the sustained pressure on global energy supply routes has left local distributors with little choice but to adjust domestic rates accordingly.

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