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What is Indus Waters Treaty, and why India has suspended it now — explained

After the terror attack in Pahalgam, India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan, which had governed the sharing of six rivers since 1960.

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Indus Water Treaty

Following the recent terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu & Kashmir, which claimed 26 lives, India has taken a firm stance against Pakistan by suspending the Indus Waters Treaty—a critical water-sharing agreement that has been in place since 1960. The suspension is part of a broader diplomatic retaliation announced by the Indian government in response to cross-border terrorism.

A brief history of the Indus Waters Treaty

The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, after nearly a decade of negotiations. It was brokered with the support of the World Bank and signed by then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan’s Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan. The agreement was intended to resolve water-sharing rights over six rivers of the Indus system, which flow between the two countries.

Allocation of river waters under the treaty

The treaty divided control of the six common rivers between India and Pakistan:

  • Eastern rivers – Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi: Allocated entirely to India, allowing it unrestricted use of around 33 million acre feet (MAF) of water annually.
  • Western rivers – Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab: Assigned largely to Pakistan, with usage rights for approximately 135 MAF of water per year.

India retained limited rights on the western rivers, allowing it to build “run-of-the-river” hydroelectric projects under strict design and operational conditions, which Pakistan has the right to review and contest.

Cooperative mechanism and review structure

One of the key features of the treaty is the institutional framework it sets up:

  • The two nations each appoint a Permanent Indus Commissioner.
  • These commissioners are required to meet at least once annually, alternating between India and Pakistan.
  • The treaty has provisions for resolving disputes and technical issues through bilateral negotiations and, if necessary, third-party arbitration.

A scheduled meeting in March 2020 in New Delhi was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating the treaty’s vulnerability to external disruptions.

Why India suspended the treaty now

The Indian government cited the need for robust action following the Pahalgam terror strike, which India blames on Pakistan-based elements. In addition to diplomatic downgrades and expelling defence advisors from the Pakistan High Commission, the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty marks a significant diplomatic escalation. It signals a strategic pivot in how India intends to respond to cross-border aggression.

Preamble rooted in cooperation now under question

The treaty’s preamble emphasized “goodwill and friendship” and aimed to achieve optimal use of the Indus river system while ensuring peaceful conflict resolution. The decision to suspend the treaty throws into uncertainty a pact once considered a cornerstone of bilateral peace efforts.

India News

Vijay meets Tamil Nadu Governor again as TVK pushes to prove majority

TVK chief Vijay held another meeting with Tamil Nadu Governor Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar as the party intensified efforts to secure majority support after emerging as the single-largest party in the Assembly elections.

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Actor vijay

Actor-turned-politician Vijay met Tamil Nadu Governor Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar again on Thursday as his party, Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK), continued efforts to prove it has enough support to form the next government in the state.

TVK emerged as the single-largest party in the 234-member Tamil Nadu Assembly after winning 108 seats, but it remains short of the majority mark of 118.

The Congress has extended support to TVK, adding five MLAs to Vijay’s side. However, the alliance still needs additional backing from other parties or independents to comfortably cross the halfway mark.

According to reports, the Governor has not yet been fully convinced that TVK currently has the required numbers to form a stable government. This has delayed clarity over the swearing-in ceremony and the formal invitation to form the government.

Political activity intensified after reports emerged that some AIADMK legislators were moved to a resort in Puducherry amid speculation over possible support to TVK. AIADMK leaders, however, publicly denied any internal crisis.

TVK sources have expressed confidence that the party will be able to demonstrate majority support during discussions with the Governor.

The Tamil Nadu election results marked a major political shift in the state, with TVK breaking the long-standing dominance of the DMK and AIADMK in its first Assembly election contest.

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PM Modi changes social media profile pictures to mark Operation Sindoor anniversary

PM Modi changed his social media profile pictures to commemorate one year of Operation Sindoor, with several NDA leaders following the move.

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PM Modi speech

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday updated the display pictures of his social media accounts to mark the first anniversary of Operation Sindoor. The new image was seen across his profiles on X, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp channels.

The updated profile picture carries the text “Operation Sindoor” on a black background along with elements of the Indian tricolour. One of the letters in the word “Sindoor” has been stylised using vermilion, commonly associated with married Hindu women.

Operation Sindoor was launched a year ago by Indian defence forces and the Border Security Force along the western border. The anniversary was also marked by several Union ministers and NDA leaders, who changed their social media profile pictures in a similar manner.

External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and other senior leaders were among those who adopted the commemorative display image on social media platforms, according to reports.

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Congress, BJP attack Bhagwant Mann over remarks on Punjab blasts

Congress and BJP have jointly criticised Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann after he linked recent blasts near defence sites to political motives, triggering a controversy.

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Bhagwant Mann

A political row has erupted in Punjab after Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann linked recent blast incidents to political motives, drawing sharp criticism from both the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The controversy follows two low-intensity explosions reported within a short span of time — one near the Border Security Force (BSF) headquarters in Jalandhar and another close to an army cantonment area in Amritsar. The incidents raised concerns over security, particularly given the sensitive nature of the locations.

In response, Mann suggested that the blasts could be part of a larger political strategy. His remarks triggered a strong backlash, with opposition parties accusing him of politicising a serious security issue.

Leaders from the Congress criticised the Chief Minister’s statement, calling it inappropriate and alleging that such comments undermine the gravity of the situation. They stressed that matters related to national security should be handled with caution and responsibility.

The BJP also joined the criticism, questioning the basis of Mann’s claims and urging the state government to focus on investigation and law enforcement instead of making political allegations.

The developments have led to an unusual moment where both Congress and BJP appear aligned in their criticism of the Aam Aadmi Party-led government in the state.

Meanwhile, the blasts themselves have intensified concerns over safety in border regions, with authorities continuing their investigation into the incidents. No casualties were reported, but the proximity to defence establishments has made the issue particularly sensitive.

The episode has further escalated political tensions in the state, with security and accountability emerging as key points of debate.

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