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Mandal-era again: Modi govt appoints commission to identify OBC sub-categories

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Modi and Shah

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]- By Abhishek Kumar

Panel headed by retired Delhi HC chief justice G Rohini tasked with identifying OBC sub-categories on a scientific basis, to submit findings within 12 weeks

In a move that could revive the political churning last witnessed in India during the Mandal Commission days of the late 1980s, the Narendra Modi government has set up a commission to divide the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) into sub-groups to ensure a more equitable sharing of benefits between various classes covered in the overarching category.

The commission, set up on orders of President Ram Nath Kovind on Monday, will be chaired by retired Delhi high court chief justice G Rohini and has been tasked to identify the sub-categories on a scientific basis. The panel has to submit its findings to the government within 12 weeks.

There are three clear terms of reference for the commission:[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1507027821301{margin-bottom: 20px !important;border-bottom-width: 20px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;background-color: #b2b1bf !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]

  • To examine the extent of inequitable distribution of benefits of reservation among the castes or communities included in the broad category of Other Backward Classes with reference to such classes included in the Central List
  • To work out the mechanism, criteria, norms and parameters in a scientific approach for sub-categorisation within such Other Backward Classes
  • To take up the exercise of identifying respective castes or communities or sub-castes or synonyms in the Central List of Other Backward Classes and classifying them into their respective sub-categories.

[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]While the state objectives of the commission seem well-intentioned and address a demand that had been long-pending from those members of the OBC community who find themselves robbed of the quota-benefits by dominant classes like the Yadavs, the political motivations of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government and his BJP cannot be discounted.Narendra Modi’s government and his BJP cannot be discounted.

Under the current reservation system, OBCs who qualify for quota benefits are entitled to a chunk of 27 per cent of the Centre government’s jobs and educational opportunities – a recommendation that was made under the Mandal Commission report and implemented by the then Prime Minister VP Singh’s government in 1990 amid massive nationwide protests. The panel is likely to recommend that the most backward classes (MBCs) – the kurmis, mallahs, musahars, kumhars, barhais, kirar, gujars, and other politically significant communities – get a sub-quota within the 27 per cent block reserved for OBCs.

Politically, if the BJP is able to get the commission’s findings and recommendations implemented as law, the move could help the saffron party wean off a huge chunk of OBC votes from Opposition parties that mushroomed in the Mandal-era – like the Samajwadi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Rashtriya Janata Party and even its own ally – Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar’s Janata Dal (United). The parties have for long been cashing in electoral dividends on account of their claims of representing the political, social and economic interests of the OBCs.

Lalu and Mulayam

While Lalu Prasad Yadav’s RJD and Mulayam Singh’s SP have greatly benefitted from their Muslim-Yadav support base, Nitish has positioned himself as a Kurmi leader. Mayawati and her BSP owe their political relevance to the perception that they represent the most backward castes among the OBCs. The OBC-MBC divide, the anger among the MBCs against the dominant Yadav OBC political leadership has played a defining role in the politics of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar – the two Indian states where politics is still seen from the prism of castes and which account for a total of 120 of Lok Sabha’s 543 seats.

In recent years, the BJP has made a concerted effort to reach out to MBCs and those OBC sub-groups that fail to find a political voice in the Mandal-era political parties and it has reaped huge benefits from this effort, both during the Lok Sabha elections in 2014 and the UP assembly elections earlier this year.

In Modi’s home state of Gujarat, the BJP has been facing a major challenge from its erstwhile loyal vote bank of the Patel-Patidar community which has been demanding inclusion in the OBC list despite the fact that the community is largely seen as being economically strong and self-sufficient.

Once the commission submits its report, there is a possibility that the BJP might try to alter the current system of caste-based reservations but through a well-disguised logic. The sub-categorisation will help determine the economic status of different OBC communities and then propose a sub-quota for them – in effect it would meet the BJP’s long-pending poll promise of replacing purely caste-based reservation with reservation based on economic conditions.

Currently nine Indian states – Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Puducherry, Karnataka, Haryana, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu – have sub-categories for state quotas among the backward classes.

Once the commission submits its report, the Centre will try to push for a pan-India sub-categorisation and corresponding distribution of quota benefits. It remains to be seen how Mandal-era political veterans like Lalu, Mulayam, Mayawati and Nitish react to the final submission of the panel. But what is certain is that the move is set to trigger a massive political churning in India’s caste-based electoral politics.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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Gold sales shine bright on Akshaya Tritiya despite soaring prices

Akshaya Tritiya 2025 saw a significant jump in gold and silver sales, with festive sentiment overpowering price concerns as India’s jewellery market adapts to changing consumer behaviour.

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Gold price

Gold and silver purchases witnessed a vibrant start across India on the occasion of Akshaya Tritiya, with festive enthusiasm overcoming the deterrent of high prices. The All India Gem and Jewellery Domestic Council (GJC) has projected a 35% rise in value terms for gold sales compared to last year, even though prices are significantly higher.

Regional footfall and demand trends

Retail activity gained early momentum in southern states, as consumers flocked to jewellery stores in the first half of the day. In contrast, northern regions and Maharashtra are expected to see increased activity later, as extreme heat delayed consumer turnout during morning hours.

Gold prices hovered between ₹99,500 and ₹99,900 per 10 grams in various regions — a sharp 37.6% jump from the previous year’s Akshaya Tritiya rate of ₹72,300. Despite the surge, shoppers re-entered the market, reassured by recent price stabilization.

Changing buyer profiles and strategies

GJC Chairman Rajesh Rokde noted that the tradition of buying gold on Akshaya Tritiya, once dominant in the south, is now gaining traction nationwide. “Even younger consumers aged 25 to 40 are actively buying gold and silver,” he said, emphasizing a growing trend among millennial buyers.

Consumers are purchasing a mix of jewellery, coins, and bullion based on their budget and need. A significant portion of buyers are managing high prices through old gold exchanges — accounting for nearly 50% of all transactions, according to PNG Jewellers Chairman Saurabh Gadgil.

“Volume growth may be marginally down by 8–9%, but in value terms, we’re seeing an increase of 20–25%,” Gadgil explained, underlining the resilience of the jewellery market.

Market adapts with innovation

Studded jewellery is reportedly gaining popularity, especially in urban centers, while lab-grown diamonds are carving a niche among new-age buyers, according to industry executives from GSI India and Aukera.

The All India Jewellers and Goldsmith Federation estimated around 12 tonnes of gold sales, worth approximately ₹12,000 crore, and 400 tonnes of silver, valued at ₹4,000 crore — totalling a massive ₹16,000 crore in expected festive turnover.

Long-term demand remains robust

Despite frequent price hikes over the past three years, India’s gold appetite has remained steady. The country continues to import between 700 and 800 tonnes annually, underscoring its status as the world’s largest gold consumer.

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Bangladesh High Court orders release of Hindu leader Chinmoy Krishna Das on bail

The prosecutor’s killing fueled demands to ban ISKCON, which clarified that Das had been expelled from the organization six months prior.

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In a significant development, a Bangladesh High Court bench, comprising Justices Atoar Rahman and Ali Reza, granted bail to Hindu leader Chinmoy Krishna Das on Wednesday, April 30, 2025, five months after his arrest on charges of disrespecting the national flag.

The court’s decision followed a final hearing on an earlier directive questioning why bail should not be granted, marking a turning point in a case that has stirred tensions and drawn international attention.

Das, a former ISKCON leader and spokesperson for the Sammilito Sanatani Jagaran Jote, a Hindu advocacy group, was detained on November 25, 2024, at Dhaka’s Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.

The charges stemmed from an October 31, 2024, case filed at Chattogram’s Kotwali police station, accusing Das and 18 others of defaming Bangladesh’s national flag. A Chattogram court rejected his initial bail plea, sending him to jail, a decision that sparked widespread protests among his supporters in Dhaka and beyond.

In Chattogram, demonstrations turned deadly when assistant government prosecutor Saiful Islam Alif was killed hours after Das’ bail denial, escalating the controversy.

The case, unfolding less than three months after a student-led uprising toppled former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024, strained Bangladesh-India relations. Hasina’s flight to India and the subsequent interim government led by Muhammad Yunus intensified scrutiny.

India’s Ministry of External Affairs voiced concern on November 26, 2024, highlighting “multiple attacks on Hindus and minorities” in Bangladesh, including arson, looting, and temple desecration. “It’s unfortunate that a religious leader presenting legitimate demands through peaceful means faces charges while perpetrators of violence remain free,” the MEA stated, urging Bangladesh to protect its minority communities.

Das’ legal team, led by former Deputy Attorney General Apurba Kumar Bhattacharya and 11 Supreme Court lawyers, argued the flag disrespect charge was baseless, asserting the item in question was not a national flag.

“This case lacks legal grounding,” Bhattacharya told reporters in January. Earlier bail attempts, including a plea for an advanced hearing on December 11, 2024, were rebuffed, with the court sticking to a January 2, 2025, date. Associates claimed Das faced obstacles securing legal representation due to intimidation from a “politically motivated lawyers’ group.”

The prosecutor’s killing fueled demands to ban ISKCON, which clarified that Das had been expelled from the organization six months prior.

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She felt worthless when Instagram followers fell, says influencer Misha Agrawal’s sister on her suicide

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The family of social media influencer Misha Agarwal announced her heartbreaking passing on April 24, 2025, just days before her 25th birthday, revealing that she died by suicide. In an emotional statement shared on her Instagram account on April 30, her family disclosed that Misha’s battle with depression, triggered by a decline in her social media following, led to her tragic decision.

Misha, who had built her career around Instagram, was fixated on reaching one million followers, a goal so central to her life that it adorned her phone’s lock screen.

Her family’s statement, accompanied by a video of the lock screen, read, “Our beloved sister poured her heart into Instagram, dreaming of a million followers. When her follower count began to drop, she felt worthless and fell into deep depression, often crying, ‘What will I do if my followers decrease? My career is over.’” Despite their efforts to comfort her, Misha’s despair overwhelmed her.

Her family emphasized Misha’s talents beyond social media, noting her LLB degree and preparation for the PCSJ exam, with aspirations of becoming a judge. “We reminded her that Instagram was just one part of her life, not its entirety,” they shared. “We told her a setback online wouldn’t end her world, but she couldn’t escape the pressure.” The statement highlighted the devastating impact of her fixation on digital validation, culminating in her untimely death.

On April 25, Misha’s family first confirmed her passing in a poignant Instagram post: “With profound sorrow, we share the loss of Misha Agarwal. Thank you for the love you showed her. We are grappling with this immense grief. Please keep her spirit alive in your hearts.”

The tragedy underscores the intense pressures faced by influencers in an era where social media metrics often define self-worth. India’s influencer industry, while thriving, increasingly spotlight mental health challenges, with growing calls for support systems. Misha’s story serves as a somber reminder to prioritize well-being over online validation, leaving her family and fans mourning a vibrant soul gone too soon.

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