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Whither demographic dividend: Largest young population and severely short of teaching staff

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Whither demographic dividend: Largest young population and severely short of teaching staff

A skilled, educated person with the age and energy of youth is an asset. Without those qualities, a young person can be a problem. Having a huge number of them means serious trouble.

Unfortunately, that seems to be the plight of India, and it has progressively worsened.

India is one of the world’s top five economies and the country with the world’s largest working-age population – around 861 million aged between 15 and 64.

Yet, according to data in a report by India Spend, nearly two-thirds (about 64 per cent) of teaching posts are vacant in India’s central universities (India Spend calculation somehow puts it at one-third).

Moreover, no Indian university – India has 36.6 million university students – finds a place in the global top 100 and the highest rank achieved this year was 420 by Indian Institute of Science, a five-year low. Thus, by global standards, India’s 36.6 million university students get their education in low-grade institutes.

From India Spend:

Global Rankings Of Indian Universities, 2018-19
World Rank Institution National Rank
420 Indian Institute of Science 1
519 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 2
615 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 3
651 Indian Institute of Technology Madras 4
671 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 5
676 Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 6
726 University of Delhi 7
732 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 8
761 Jadavpur University 9
774 Banaras Hindu University 10

Source: Centre for World University Rankings

The report says the situation has worsened over the last four years, when the rankings of Indian universities have steadily declined.

In 2014, the highest rank an Indian university reached was 328, in 2015 it was 341, in 2016, it dropped to 354 and in 2017, it was 397, says the report:

Highest Rank For An Indian University (World Wide)
Year Institution Rank
2018-19 Indian Institute of Science 420
2017 University of Delhi 397
2016 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 354
2015 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 341
2014 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 328

Source: Centre for World University Rankings

(These ranks primarily focus on the quantity and quality of research papers – 55% of the weightage – how many appear in top-tier or influential journals and how many are cited by other researchers.)

A dismal shortage of teaching staff could be the likely reason. Professors play a leading role in conducting academic research, apart from teaching duties. But, says the report, India is short of professors.

Minister of state for Human Resource Development, Satya Pal Singh, gave the following information about the number of posts sanctioned and the number of vacancies in the higher education institutions in the country:

Central Universities: sanctioned posts 17,092; vacant posts 5606;

IITs:  sanctioned posts 8,230; vacant posts 2,802;

NITs: sanctioned posts 7,435; vacant posts 3,235;

Vacancies have been affecting the quality of teaching and research, professors told IndiaSpend. “For the last 15-20 years, universities have been neglected,” said K. Laxminarayana, a professor from the University of Hyderabad. “There have been no teacher recruitments. A majority of the posts are vacant. When there are no teachers in the university, the quality of education will be low.”

Permanent teachers have the “time and responsibility” for research since they are not concerned with job security, Laxminarayana said. But “nowadays, the entire system is made up of contract teachers”.

Professors who do not have a permanent job – called “ad hocs” – find themselves on a contract that can range from four months to a year.

“Recruitments have not taken place for a number of years now,” a Delhi University professor told IndiaSpend on condition of anonymity.

“A lot of teachers have been working as ad hocs. The ministry has not given a nod to the recruitment process. Even if the recruitments don’t take place, the teaching has to go on. So a huge number of ad hoc teachers are hired, who don’t have a sense of belonging to the institution.”

The government said recruitment is controlled by universities, and the ministry and Universities Grants Commission only monitor the process. “Occurring and filling up of vacancies is a continuous process,” India’s HRD minister Prakash Javadekar told the Lok Sabha (Parliament’s lower house) on July 23, 2018. “Universities being autonomous institutions, the onus of filling up of vacant teaching posts lies with them.”

Funding appears to be a key issue in filling vacant teaching posts, said the India Spend report.

“The government says they don’t have enough money to recruit professors,” said Laxminarayana. “So, instead of hiring one permanent teacher, which costs around Rs 100,000 to Rs 150,000, the universities hire three to four contract teachers.”

India spent 4.13% of its GDP on education in 2014, according to HRD Ministry data. This is lower than the UK, US and South Africa–countries that spent 5.68%, 5.22% and 6.05% respectively, of GDP on education. Fifty one of the top 100 universities in 2018-19 were from the US and eight from the UK.

India News

Devendra Fadnavis takes oath as Maharashtra CM, Eknath Shinde, Ajit Pawar as Deputy CMs

BJP leader Sudhir Mungantiwar said that it is most likely that the council of ministers will be sworn in before the winter session of the assembly starts

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Devendra Fadnavis takes oath as Maharashtra CM, Eknath Shinde, Ajit Pawar as Deputy CMs

In a grand ceremony at Azad Maidan in Mumbai, Devendra Fadnavis took oath as the chief minister of Maharashtra on Thursday. Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the ceremony, which also saw Ajit Pawar from the NCP and former CM Eknath Shinde from Shiv Sena taking oath as deputy chief ministers.

Maharashtra governor C P Radhakrishnan administered the oath. This is Devendra Fadnavis’s third term. He represents Nagpur as an MLA, and has assumed the role of Maharashtra chief minister. The event takes place two weeks after the state assembly elections held on November 20, with results announced on November 23.

Beside PM Modi, Union home minister Amit Shah, defence minister Rajnath Singh, Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath, Bihar CM Nitish Kumar, BJP president J P Nadda were among the political heavyweights present during the event.

Also, the oath-taking ceremony was attended by prominent industrialists, including Mukesh Ambani and Kumar Mangalam Birla. Former cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and actors Salman Khan, Shah Rukh Khan, Ranbir Kapoor, and Ranveer Singh were also present at the event.

In the State Assembly Elections, the BJP emerged as the largest party with 132 seats in the 288-member House. Along with its allies, Shiv Sena and NCP, the BJP-led Mahayuti coalition has a majority of 230 seats.

On Wednesday, Devendra Fadnavis, Eknath Shinde, and Sharad Pawar met governor CP Radhakrishnan to formally stake their claim to form the government, submitting letters of support from the coalition. Subsequently, the governor invited Devendra Fadnavis to lead the new government.

Notably, the new government formation comes after two weeks of intense negotiations between parties within the Mahayuti alliance, which emphatically won the Maharashtra assembly elections.

Meanwhile, on being asked when other ministers would take oath, BJP leader Sudhir Mungantiwar said that it is most likely that the council of ministers will be sworn in before the winter session of the assembly starts, so as to avoid administrative disruption.

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Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath draws parallel between Ayodhya, Sambhal and Bangladesh violence, says same DNA

He mentioned that divisive elements are there already, tearing apart the social fabric and breaking social unity.

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Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath draws parallel between Ayodhya, Sambhal and Bangladesh violence, says same DNA

Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath today said that what is happening in Bangladesh now is the same as what Mughal ruler Babur’s army did in Ayodhya and Sambhal. While speaking at the inauguration ceremony of the 43rd Ramayan Mela in Ayodhya, the Chief Minister said that Lord Ram united the whole society.

He said that if they had given importance to unity and not let the strategy of the nation’s enemies succeed in creating social animosity, this country would have never become a slave. He continued that the pilgrimages would not have become impure, adding that a handful of invaders would not have dared to invade the country and would be crushed by India’s brave soldiers.

Yogi Adityanath further said that those who created difficulties within the society managed to succeed, adding that their genes remain the same to this day. Apparently taking a jibe at the opposition, he said that those who indulge in caste-based politics to shatter the social fabric are still active.

He added that 500 years ago, a general of Babur committed certain deeds in Ayodhya, similar acts taking place in Sambhal, and what is happening today in Bangladesh. The nature and DNA of all three are the same, he continued.

He mentioned that divisive elements are there already, tearing apart the social fabric and breaking social unity. He added that many such divisive forces have bought properties across the world. He said that when a crisis happens in India, those forces flee to their places in other countries and leave behind the citizens here to suffer and die.

Nonetheless, CM Yogi’s remark is drawing ire from the opposition. Congress MP Tariq Anwar told the media that a chief minister cannot speak such language. He said that it is shocking to see such a senior leader of BJP and CM of Uttar Pradesh speaking such language to divide the society.

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Delhi Assembly Speaker Ram Niwas Goel retires from active politics

Ram Niwas Goel has been serving as Speaker of the Delhi legislative assembly since 2015.

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Delhi Assembly Speaker Ram Niwas Goel retires from active politics

Delhi Assembly Speaker Ram Niwas Goel today wrote to Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) national convenor Arvind Kejriwal about his decision to retire from electoral politics, citing his advancing age. In his letter, Ram Niwas Goel expressed gratitude for the respect shown by all party legislators.

AAP supremo and former Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal responded to the letter, and said that Ram Niwas Goel’s decision to leave electoral politics is an emotional moment. Taking to X, the AAP supremo wrote that Ram Niwas Goel’s guidance has shown us the right direction inside and outside the House for years. 

He continued that due to increasing age and health, Goel had recently expressed his desire to leave electoral politics just a few days ago. Mentioning that they respect his decision, Arvind Kejriwal wrote that Ram Niwas Goel was, is and will always be the guardian of our family. The party will always need his experience and services in the future too, he added.

Ram Niwas Goel has been serving as Speaker of the Delhi legislative assembly since 2015. He also represents the Shahdara Assembly seat of Delhi as an MLA. He defeated Jitender Singh Shunty of Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) by a margin of 11,731 votes in the 2015 Delhi Assembly elections. In 1993, he made electoral debut and contested the elections as a BJP candidate, winning the poll.

Notably on Wednesday, the Seventh Delhi Legislative Assembly concluded its five-year term, holding its 74th and final sitting before the upcoming elections slated for February 2025. Addressing the house, Speaker Ram Niwas Goel called the occasion emotional and historic.

During the tenure, the assembly addressed 1,095 questions during the Question Hour, tabled 19 committee reports, and passed 26 Bills.

Speaking to the media, he said that as Speaker, he has fulfilled his duties impartially, giving equal importance to both the ruling party and the opposition. Despite being a Union Territory Assembly with limited powers, remarkable work has been accomplished, he continued. 

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