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Why is it sweating in Shillong?

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Because temperatures in India’s biodiversity hotspot are on the rise

By Dinesh C Sharma

Sitting in the glass-and-concrete State Convention Centre in the capital of hilly state, Meghalaya, participants of a media workshop on climate change were feeling sweaty. The convention centre is not air-conditioned nor does it have ceiling fans. For the comfort of guests, some pedestal fans were plugged in.

Why are we sweating in Shillong? Asked state information technology minister Dr M Ampareen Lyngdoh. The question may sound strange for those who have read in tourist brochures and text books about the wettest places on the planet being in Meghalaya and about its round-the-year cool weather.

The answer to this question came in the form of a new study done by researchers from the Water and Climate Lab at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Gandhinagar. The study has shown that air temperature in the state is rising at the rate of 0.031 degree per year. The trend is consistent from 1981 to 2014, barring the years 1991 and 1992. This translates into 1 degree centigrade rise between 1981 and 2014, which is quite significant. Future projections indicate similar rise over next two decades.

The state has also been witnessing highly fluctuating frequencies of hot days, hot nights, cold days and cold nights. “The number of hot days and nights show an increasing trend while that of cold days and cold nights show a declining trend. These are indications of a consistently warming region,” pointed out lead author Dr Vimal Mishra while presenting results of the study commissioned by the state government. “The higher number of hot night frequencies is a matter of concern for the state.”

Based on historic and observed data as well as computer models, the study has projected changes over short-term (2013-2040), mid-term (2041-2070) and long-term (2071-2100) for the state. It is a high-resolution study in the sense that projections have been made for grids of 5 X5 km size, so as to help in vulnerability assessment for each grid and adaptation planning at local level.

Future projections show an increasing temperature rise under different scenarios. Under these projections, the rise in maximum temperature in Meghalaya in the long term ranges from 2.65 degree to 3.8 degree, while the rise in minimum temperature will be between 2 degree and 3.5 degree in the long term. The increase in temperature may result in higher number of extreme hot days and nights. Under the extreme scenario projection, the number of hot days could be as high as 100 a year. Similarly, there may be a decrease in extreme cold days and nights.

“The state has already seen a rise of temperature of 1 to 1.5 degree in the past three decades, and the projections point to a similar rise by 2040. If temperature in Meghalaya will rise by about 3 degree rise in a span of half a century, we don’t know what Meghalaya will be like in future  – West Bengal or Assam?,” wondered Dr Mishra.

There will be changes in the rainfall patterns too in future. The central plateau region is projected to experience an increase in rainfall at a higher rate than the rest of the state. The occurrence of extreme rainfall events will also show an upward trend under various projected scenarios. “The West Khasi hills which already receive very high precipitation are projected to face even higher rise in precipitation,” Dr Mishra added.

The changing climate in Meghalaya, he said, would have widespread implications for forests, water resources, biodiversity, agriculture, livestock and human health. For instance, due to significant rise in temperature, forest fires may go up while extreme rainfall events will increase risk of landslides in high altitude areas causing siltation of water bodies downstream. The rise in temperature will also threaten endemic plant species many of which are already on the verge of extinction. Rainfed agriculture in the state will be adversely hit with crop yields and production declining. Higher temperature will also induce premature breaking of insects and pests.

“Meghalaya has some of the most vulnerable districts to current climate risks and long term climate change in the region,” pointed out Prof. N.H. Ravindranath of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. “Sectors like agriculture, forests, fisheries, horticulture are already subjected high climate risks currently and will be highly vulnerable to climate change risks in future. We need to prepare both incremental as well as transformational adaptation plans to make based on vulnerability assessments.”

The workshop was jointly organized by the Department of Science and Technology, Indian Himalayas Climate Adaptation Programme (IHCAP) and Centre for Media Studies. (India Science Wire)[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

India News

Congress puts UP house in order ahead of alliance talks with Samajwadi Party

Congress has intensified its preparations for the 2027 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections ahead of alliance talks with the Samajwadi Party, with Priyanka Gandhi Vadra tasked with key organisational responsibilities and candidate selection.

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Rahul akhilesh

The Congress has begun strengthening its organisational structure in Uttar Pradesh ahead of proposed alliance discussions with the Samajwadi Party for the 2027 Assembly elections. With negotiations expected to begin after Chhath Puja, the party leadership has entrusted Congress general secretary Priyanka Gandhi Vadra with several key responsibilities in the state.

Rahul Gandhi has asked his sister to oversee the party’s preparations in Uttar Pradesh, where the Congress is looking to strengthen its position before entering seat-sharing negotiations with Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav.

No date has been finalised for the discussions. However, party insiders expect the talks to begin after the Chhath festival.

Priyanka Gandhi gets key responsibilities

Priyanka Gandhi’s responsibilities include overseeing the formation of the party’s manifesto, campaign and coordination committees.

She has also been tasked with organising four major rallies across Uttar Pradesh’s Purvanchal, Bundelkhand, Awadh and Western regions.

One of her most important responsibilities will be identifying candidates for around 100-115 constituencies. The party wants to shortlist leaders who can challenge the BJP while remaining aligned with the Congress’s ideology.

Priyanka Gandhi has also increased her involvement in the state’s political affairs, partly to address unnecessary public statements by Congress leaders that could affect the party’s relationship with the Samajwadi Party.

Congress-SP alliance talks and seat-sharing differences

The Congress leadership is reportedly satisfied with the Samajwadi Party’s participation in the November 1 rally at Delhi’s Ramlila Maidan, where the SP brought a large number of workers.

A senior Congress leader told the media that there would be no major hurdles in forming an alliance with the Samajwadi Party for the Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections.

The final decision, however, will be taken by Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and Akhilesh Yadav, the leader said.

Despite the positive signals, differences over seat-sharing remain an important issue between the two parties.

Some Congress leaders have claimed that the party has already prepared a list of 180-200 constituencies. Others have maintained that the Congress should not be taken lightly during negotiations.

Samajwadi Party leaders, however, have indicated that the Congress should consider a figure closer to 80-100 seats.

Priyanka Gandhi has reportedly instructed the Uttar Pradesh Congress leadership, including the state in-charge, state president, working presidents and other office-bearers, to avoid unnecessary public statements that could negatively affect the proposed alliance.

Samajwadi Party gains confidence after MLC election results

The Samajwadi Party is also entering the proposed negotiations with increased confidence following its performance in the recent Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council elections.

The party won five of the 11 seats that went to polls. It had previously held only three of those seats.

The MLC elections were considered an important test for the party ahead of the 2027 Assembly elections.

Following the results, Akhilesh Yadav described the BJP’s performance as a “double defeat” and said the outcome had laid the groundwork for the Samajwadi Party’s victory in the next Assembly elections.

Swami Prasad Maurya could become a point of friction

Another issue that could complicate the Congress-SP relationship is Swami Prasad Maurya.

Akhilesh Yadav is understood to have reservations about Maurya, while Congress leader Rajendra Gautam, who is in charge of the state, considers him a friend.

Maurya had won the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly election on a BJP ticket and served as a minister in the state government. He subsequently joined the Samajwadi Party ahead of the 2022 Assembly elections but lost his election.

He later formed his own political party, the Janata Party, and has frequently criticised Akhilesh Yadav and his PDA (Pichhda, Dalit, Alpsankhyak) platform.

The Samajwadi Party has made it clear that it does not want Maurya included in the proposed alliance under any circumstances.

This leaves the Congress with a difficult choice. If it decides to accommodate Maurya, it may have to allocate him a constituency from its own share of seats rather than the Samajwadi Party’s quota.

With alliance discussions approaching, the Congress is focusing on strengthening its organisation and identifying potential candidates before negotiating with Akhilesh Yadav’s party.

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India News

PM Modi, Zelensky discuss Russia-Ukraine war and peace efforts

PM Modi spoke with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Monday and reiterated India’s readiness to contribute to efforts for a peaceful resolution of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Monday and discussed the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, diplomatic developments and efforts aimed at restoring peace.

The conversation also covered India-Ukraine bilateral cooperation, with both leaders agreeing to further strengthen ties between the two countries.

Modi reiterates India’s position on Ukraine war

During the telephone conversation, PM Modi reaffirmed India’s commitment to contributing towards a peaceful resolution of the conflict.

According to the Prime Minister’s Office, Modi reiterated India’s consistent position that the conflict should be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy. He also conveyed India’s readiness to contribute to efforts aimed at achieving a peaceful resolution.

Modi said he thanked Zelenskyy for sharing his perspective on the ongoing conflict, including its humanitarian aspects and the various efforts being made to restore peace.

Zelensky briefs Modi on diplomatic developments

Zelenskyy said he briefed Modi on the latest diplomatic developments ahead of upcoming peace talks in Abu Dhabi.

The Ukrainian president said Kyiv was preparing for the agenda of the meeting and maintained that Russia should demonstrate a similar willingness to de-escalate the conflict.

Zelenskyy also said Modi had repeatedly conveyed, including directly to Russian President Vladimir Putin, that the time had come to end the war rather than continue it.

India-Ukraine ties also discussed

Beyond the conflict, Modi and Zelenskyy reviewed their countries’ wide-ranging bilateral cooperation and agreed to strengthen India-Ukraine ties further.

Zelenskyy also said discussions touched on food security and the disruption of grain exports through the Black Sea. He said India was ready to help mediate efforts to establish food corridors, with the two sides agreeing to keep their teams in contact on this and other bilateral issues.

The call comes as diplomatic efforts continue around the Russia-Ukraine conflict, with talks in Abu Dhabi forming part of the latest efforts to explore a path towards ending the war.

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PM Modi extends greetings to Uttarakhand on foundation day

Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended greetings to the people of Uttarakhand on Foundation Day, praising the state’s cultural heritage, natural beauty and development.

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PM Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday extended greetings to the people of Uttarakhand on the occasion of the state’s Foundation Day, praising its spiritual heritage, natural beauty and development journey.

In a message posted on X, PM Modi described Uttarakhand as a land enriched by spiritual consciousness, mountain landscapes, sacred rivers and the Char Dham. He also highlighted the state’s distinct identity rooted in its cultural heritage.

PM Modi highlights Uttarakhand’s development

The Prime Minister credited the people of Uttarakhand for the state’s progress, saying their hard work, talent and progressive outlook had helped it reach new heights across different sectors.

He expressed confidence that Uttarakhand would continue to move rapidly along the path of development. PM Modi also wished happiness, peace and prosperity to the people of the state on the occasion.

Why Uttarakhand celebrates Foundation Day

Uttarakhand Foundation Day is observed every year on November 9. The state was formed on November 9, 2000, after being carved out of Uttar Pradesh, becoming the 27th state of India. Dehradun serves as its capital.

The Himalayan state is popularly known as Devbhoomi, or the Land of the Gods. It is home to the four major pilgrimage sites of Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath, collectively known as the Char Dham.

Yogi Adityanath also greets Uttarakhand

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath also extended greetings to the people of Uttarakhand on Foundation Day.

Yogi highlighted the state’s natural beauty, folk culture, spiritual heritage and tradition of valour. He also said that Uttarakhand was setting new benchmarks for development under the guidance of PM Modi and the leadership of Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami.

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