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Hosni Mubarak, the survivor, returns

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CHEATER OF MISFORTUNE: Egypt’s ousted president Hosni Mubarak inside a dock at the police academy on the outskirts of Cairo in 2014. An Egyptian court sentenced him to three years in prison on charges of stealing public funds, Reuters/UNI

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The former Egyptian president’s acquittal shows he still wields power with the West. The question is will his influence lead to the release of the thousands of other political prisoners languishing behind bars?  

By Sujit Bhar

That Egypt’s military junta respects tradition was proved once again through the acquittal and release of ex-President Hosni Mubarak from house arrest.

On March 24 Mubarak left the military hospital where he was detained—in Maadi, south of Cairo—and immediately left under heavy security for his home in the posh Heliopolis area. Egyptian newspaper al-Masry al-Youm has quoted his lawyer Farid el-Deeb as saying that Mubarak had a relaxed breakfast with wife Suzanne and their two sons Alaa and Gamal.

The 88-year-old leader had always maintained that he was in no way responsible for the death of nearly 900 protesters during the 25 January 25 to February 11 uprising in 2011. He had been sentenced to life, but an appeals court later had dismissed charges against him.

Technically, there has been no one directly held responsible for the deaths and, according to experts, nor will any one be. The deaths will have been for nothing. The expert, quoted in the media, says that for all practical purposes Egypt has remained in the grips of the military since 1952. That was when Egypt’s first president Gamal Abdel Nasser took over power, overthrowing King Farouk in what can be called the first Egyptian Revolution.

Anwar Sadat, who can be called the real builder of modern Egypt, was a confidante of Nasser, and became his vice-president as the new junta took control. Sadat was never too far away from the military, which always had a say in matters of policy.

When Sadat was assassinated in 1981, openly during a military parade in Cairo, Mubarak was at his side, and narrowly escaped the bullets. He was inducted into the presidency, with senior leaders expecting him to be a puppet president who does their bidding. Mubarak was, anyway, not expected to last long in the position.

The military believed it too, but later joined hands with Mubarak in steering the country, and Mubarak lasted a little under 30 years in his position with the tacit support from the military and, of course, the West.

The Sadat-Mubarak period has been the most colourful and, according to some, the most politically romantic in Middle East politics.

Sadat was a visionary. Despite the overarching presence of the military, he led the country from relative insignificance to a politically prominent position the world. In the 11 years that he led Egypt (he became president in 1970), he not only set up another multi-party system of democracy, but also opened up the country’s economy in what was called his Infitah economic policy.

Those were his wise development agendas, while on the populist side his dealings with old enemy Israel were incredibly impressive. As a start, he gave his Arab reply to Israel’s 1967 Six-Day War through his 1973 Yom Kippur War in which he regained Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. That sealed the hearts of the people of not just Egypt, but of all the Arab world.

IN MARKED CONTRAST: Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat, the visionary president who put Egypt on the path of peace and progress, was assassinated in 1981

IN MARKED CONTRAST: Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat, the visionary president who put Egypt on the path of peace and progress, was assassinated in 1981

And then he did a bit for himself as well. He negotiated the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty that won him and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978. It might also have sown the seed of his own destruction.

Following in the footsteps of a person like Sadat wasn’t easy for Mubarak. He survived no less than six assassination attempts. But he again managed to dodge the assassins’ bullets.

Mubarak’s hold on the throne was primarily because of his proximity to the West, especially the US, a shift in policy from being close to the then USSR. The US, of course, decided to overlook all of Mubarak’s indiscretions, installing him as virtually a dictator and a key ally in the Arab world.

He would have faced the same fate as Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, but he chose to keep his allies close in every move he made. It has been said that even during the Arab Spring uprising, when social media for the first time carried live pictures around the world,  Mubarak was well ensconced within his Western allies’ security.

The difference between Mubarak and Sadat would be in their relation with the masses. Human rights abuse has been rampant in Egypt in the years that followed the Arab Spring movement. Even as Mubarak enjoyed a lavish and comfortable breakfast with his family, there were “thousands… still languish[ing] in horrific prison conditions”, which was how Harriet McCulloch, deputy director of human rights organisation Reprieve, described ground realities to Al Jazeera. “Many face the death penalty on charges relating to protests, in mass trials that make a mockery of due process.”

Mubarak is the last president wowed by the West. The western relationship with the Middle East had undergone a sea change during President Barack Obama’s regime, with focus shifting to Syria, where the Muslim Brotherhood was fooling people, mingling with the rebels against President Bashar al-Assad. Obama was stopped in the nick of time from sending support strikes for the “rebels”, because that would have been technically helping the Brotherhood’s agenda. The Brotherhood has been considered a terrorist right wing organisation.

That the Muslim Brotherhood has its roots in Egypt is no secret. With the Saudi-UAE axis against the Brotherhood presenting a strong force, the West was more inclined to back that group, with Egypt’s interests left in its wake.

There seems to have been no special change in this approach in the Donald Trump era, though no clear policy consensus has emerged from this befuddled administration, more inward looking than ever before. That, sort of, leaves Egypt in the lurch.

The military junta in Egypt cannot survive in isolation, quickly becoming a footnote in the overall Arab picture. The dominance it had during Sadat’s regime has eroded and the only secure link that the country still has with the West is through one Hosni Mubarak.

Mubarak’s release from prison, therefore, should not surprise anybody. It would be unwise for the military junta to carry out policy decisions against the wishes of its western allies, and Mubarak is a person who still wields immense clout in regions that matter.

Egypt’s economy has hit a plateau, with his humongous tourism industry having dipped dangerously. Its exports are in very bad shape and domestic consumption cannot be pushed without further outside incentives.

The sins of the uprising will now vest with the commoners still behind bars. Those few days of freedom have resulted in many more years of subjugation. One has to see if the West can do a double deal of getting those unfortunate souls released from jail.

That, probably, would be Mubarak’s only gift to Egypt.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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Trump calls it a wonderful gesture as Machado presents him Nobel Peace Prize medal

Donald Trump described it as a “wonderful gesture” after Venezuela’s opposition leader Maria Corina Machado presented him with her Nobel Peace Prize medal during a White House meeting.

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US President Donald Trump has described it as a “wonderful gesture” after Venezuela’s opposition leader Maria Corina Machado presented him with her Nobel Peace Prize medal during a meeting at the White House.

Trump praised Machado publicly after the interaction, saying she had been through “so much” and that the act reflected “mutual respect.” He said the medal was given to him for the work he has done, according to his post on his social media platform.

The gesture, however, has drawn attention as the Nobel Institute has clarified that a Nobel Peace Prize cannot be transferred to another individual.

Nobel Institute rules out transfer of prize

The Nobel Institute has stated that Machado is not permitted to give her Nobel Peace Prize to Trump. Despite this, a White House official confirmed that Trump intends to keep the medal, even if the act remains symbolic.

Trump has long expressed interest in the Nobel Peace Prize, making the episode particularly notable despite the formal limitations placed on such honours.

Political context behind the meeting

Machado had been widely regarded as Venezuela’s democratic leader-in-waiting before Trump’s recent policy decisions regarding the country. Earlier this month, Trump declined to fully back her challenge to Venezuela’s ruling regime and instead signalled openness to engaging with leaders linked to the existing power structure.

Trump has publicly questioned Machado’s ability to lead, saying she lacks sufficient support and respect within Venezuela. Her political party is believed to have won the 2024 elections, results that were rejected by President Nicolas Maduro.

Trump has also indicated a willingness to work with acting President Delcy Rodriguez, who previously served as Maduro’s deputy.

What Machado said after the meeting

Speaking to reporters after leaving the White House and heading to Capitol Hill, Machado said she presented the medal to the US president as recognition of his “unique commitment” to Venezuela’s freedom.

She added that Trump did not provide detailed assurances during their closed-door discussion, including on the issue of elections in Venezuela. No further specifics of the meeting were disclosed.

Afterwards, Machado greeted supporters gathered near the White House gates, hugging several of them. Addressing the crowd, she said they could count on President Trump, prompting brief chants of appreciation from those present.

Machado’s recent public appearance

Before her visit to Washington, Machado had largely stayed out of public view since travelling to Norway last month, where her daughter accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on her behalf. She had spent nearly a year in hiding in Venezuela before appearing at the ceremony.

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US freezes immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, India not in list

The United States suspends immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, excluding temporary visas, as part of stricter immigration measures.

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The United States has indefinitely suspended immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, targeting individuals seeking permanent residency based on nationality. The move, set to take effect on January 21, excludes tourist and temporary work visas, but is expected to have a significant impact on family-based immigration.

Reasons behind the visa freeze

The US State Department said the suspension aims to prevent the entry of foreign nationals likely to require government welfare and public benefits. “The Trump administration is bringing an end to the abuse of America’s immigration system by those who would extract wealth from the American people,” said State Department spokesman Tommy Pigott.

While the administration cites the risk of immigrants draining government resources, studies by the Cato Institute and other research groups suggest immigrants generally use fewer benefits than US-born citizens.

Who will not be affected

Temporary visas for tourists, business travelers, and sports fans remain unaffected. Exceptions are also allowed for individuals with dual nationality, a valid passport from a country not on the list, or travel serving an “America First” national interest. Approved visas that have not yet been printed must be refused according to the State Department.

Countries affected

The visa freeze covers nations across Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. Some of the most affected countries include Pakistan, Bangladesh, Somalia, Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, Brazil, Nigeria, and Thailand.

Other countries on the full list include Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Myanmar, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, North Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, and Yemen.

Trump administration immigration record

The Trump administration has already imposed stricter vetting procedures over the past year, revoking over 100,000 visas and deporting more than 605,000 people, with 2.5 million others leaving voluntarily. Critics highlight that the policy disproportionately affects immigrants from non-European countries.

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Anything less than US control of Greenland unacceptable, says Trump

Donald Trump has said American control of Greenland is vital for national security and missile defence, reigniting debate over the Arctic island’s strategic importance.

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US president Donald Trump has said that American control over Greenland is essential for the United States’ national security, describing it as “vital” for a planned air and missile defence system known as the Golden Dome.

In a social media post on Wednesday, Trump claimed the United States “needs Greenland for the purpose of National Security” and asserted that the Arctic island plays a key role in the proposed defence architecture. He further said that NATO would become “far more formidable and effective” if Greenland were under US control, adding that “anything less than that is unacceptable.”

Comments ahead of US-Denmark talks

Trump’s remarks came just hours before senior Danish and Greenlandic officials were scheduled to hold talks at the White House with US Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The discussions are focused on Greenland and broader security issues in the Arctic region.

Responding to US concerns, Denmark’s defence minister Troels Lund Poulsen said the country was increasing its military presence in Greenland. He also noted that Copenhagen was in discussions with allies regarding a stronger NATO footprint in the Arctic.

NATO role and strategic concerns

Trump said NATO “should be leading the way” in building the proposed multi-layer missile defence system. He warned that if the alliance did not act, rival powers could step in, stating that Russia or China might otherwise take the lead.

The US president has repeatedly spoken about taking control of Greenland, a strategically located and sparsely populated island that is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. His renewed comments underline continued US interest in the Arctic’s strategic importance amid rising global security competition.

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