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NSE’s old and new hands decide to settle off court in co-location case

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Driven into a corner for favouring some High Frequency Trading brokers, exchange has no option but to agree to SEBI diktat

~By Sujit Bhar

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) had retreated into its shell after a bout of aggressive behaviour when it had slapped a Rs 100 crore defamation suit on Moneywise Media Pvt Ltd, a fortnightly magazine that is published jointly by Debashis Basu and Sucheta Dalal. The suit, filed at the Bombay High Court by the NSE on July 21, 2015 was to stop the publication and circulation of an article which blew the whistle on an alleged illicit activity within the NSE, in which certain brokers were supposedly given an unfair advantage.

This happened in an area called the co-location facility, which is a favourably positioned area for systems which use a time differential of a fraction of a second to put in bids within a High Frequency Trading (HFT) environment. The time differential is in respect to computers of other brokers.

When the magazine placed its documents, the NSE had withdrawn their suit, but its troubles did not go away. It was also ordered to pay a fine of Rs 50 lakh, which it did. SEBI, meanwhile, had taken up the issue and had show-caused the exchange and many of its top officials. Now it has been revealed that the NSE has used some of its top current and former executives to drive a settlement through the consent mechanism available with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

A media report says that former board members and chief executives Ravi Narain and Chitra Ramkrishna and current chief of business development Ravi Varanasi are among those who have applied for settlement.

SEBI had issued notice to the NSE in May and to 14 officials (former and current) regarding preferential treatments given to some brokers. This arbitration system, available with SEBI, can be compared to out-of-court settlements in normal cases. The NSE has no option but to comply.

There was an administrative gap at the NSE for a while, and as soon as Vikram Limaye took over as CEO in June (he quit as member of the Supreme Court-appointed Committee of Administrators of the BCCI) the exchange filed its consent application with SEBI. The media report says that 12 of the 14 notified officials have filed their consent applications.

However, it is said that the man responsible for the technical part of the NSE has yet to file his consent application. In his absence, things could get murkier.

What is HFT?

In this context, it becomes necessary to know the exact nature of the NSE’s folly.

Trading on the stock markets, at least in certain sections of it, has evolved beyond normal human reaction levels. Certain sections of trading are now being done in hundredths and even millionths of a second. This is way removed from what billionaire investor Warren Buffet and his company Berkshire Hathaway does. While Buffet believes in staying invested in a stock for a while, sometimes for a very long while, there are High Frequency traders (HFT) who have brought this time down to milliseconds.

This trading technique arrived in India a decade earlier and the Securities and SEBI allowed it in 2007-2008. This was allowed across many asset classes, such as equity, currency and commodity, which means that within the overall trading environment now exists advanced computers that use special algorithms to offer, buy and sell and incredible speeds.

Technically, this would be done on very small price differences, things big investors would really not be interested in, but if worked on massive volumes (which they are) these computer traders rake in huge profits each day. They make money if they win, and they make money if they lose. This happens on their micro-commissions on each trade, win or lose. It is, therefore, a win-win. Also, for an investor going in for the long haul, the asset values rarely change because of HFT, a complete cycle of spikes and troughs (in stock value) being completed in a couple of trading hours. Unless, of course, there is an interested party that wants to drive down a stock or artificially add value to it, in which case it becomes illegal.

That is where co-location comes in. The basic idea is location. Nearer the broker’s office and his systems are to the exchange, earlier (even if it is a millisecond earlier) does it get the information through the cables connected to the exchange. Logically, it would require huge investment on the part of the broker to arrange for offices nearer the exchange and more funds to arrange for super advanced computers and expensive software and algorithms. So, while participation is low, competition is fierce.

If, amid this, the exchange had provided a further advantage (in time) to some brokers, it robs the rest the level playing field they demand.

The case was all about that.

The problem with HFT is that while it is legitimate, there are few instruments within the grasp of SEBI (or even the US’ Securities and Exchange Commission, for that matter) even today to totally control and oversee this lightning-fast activity. ‘Spoofing’, for example, is a disruptive algorithmic trading entity, in which algorithms often throw up notices of interest in buying a stock for a few milliseconds before withdrawing without trade being completed. That, in turn, drives up a stock, which also settles a direct course of trade for a short time. Fast computers and algorithms then utilise this predictable trajectory to benefit.

With most computer systems within HFT facilities at almost the same level, running similar algorithms, a minor time advantage is of great use.

The source

Dalal had gained access to a document from Singapore that opened the can of worms. The magazine wrote: “Fortunately, we have in our possession a detailed document that blows the whistle on what’s possibly going on in NSE. The document came by snail mail from Singapore and addressed to Mr B K Gupta, DGM Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). It is dated 14th January 2015 with a copy to Sucheta Dalal. It is not clear what SEBI has done with it in all these months.”

The NSE wanted this news to be aborted. When it was not, the defamation suit ensued.

NSE moved the Bombay High Court on 21 July 2015 to stop the publication and circulation of the article and also asked Moneylife to offer an unconditional apology. This application was heard by Justice Gautam Patel, who passed severe strictures against NSE and imposed a cost and penalty of Rs 50 lakhs. Moneywise Media was represented by Advocate Bapoo Malcolm while Debashis Basu and Sucheta Dalal argued their own positions. NSE had filed an appeal against this order before a division Bench of the Bombay High Court.

Then the NSE told the division Bench of Justice Naresh Patil and Justice Z A Haq that it would honour the judgement of Justice Patel and withdraw appeal in the defamation case.

In any case, this could put brakes on technical trading that really adds no value to the overall net worth of a stock or company.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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Google reduces 10% of managerial staff to enhance efficiency and ‘Googleyness’

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Google has pruned its managerial workforce, reducing it by 10% in a move aimed at streamlining operations and redefining its corporate culture in a year-long push. This pruning, part of a broader efficiency drive, includes a 10% cut at manager, director, and vice president levels.

Reports indicate that during an all-hands meeting, CEO Sundar Pichai outlined the rationale behind the decision, emphasizing the need for efficiency and redefining the company’s core values, often referred to as “Googleyness.”

A Google spokesperson revealed that some affected employees would transition to individual contributor roles, while others faced role eliminations. These adjustments come amidst growing challenges in the tech industry, particularly with rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and fierce competition from rivals like OpenAI.

The AI race and Google’s response

The tech giant has recently intensified its focus on AI innovations, unveiling Gemini 2.0, its most advanced AI model yet. Sundar Pichai described the new model as heralding a “new agentic era” in which AI systems are designed to comprehend and make decisions about the world.

This announcement boosted Google’s stock, which surged by over 4% following the news, a day after a 3.5% increase attributed to breakthroughs in its quantum chip technology.

Previous layoffs in 2024

The latest layoffs mark Google’s fourth round of job cuts in 2024. Earlier in January, Google eliminated several hundred positions in its global advertisements team. In June, its cloud unit also saw workforce reductions. By January of this year, Google had already cut 12,000 roles, equivalent to 6.4% of its global workforce.

In a letter addressed to employees during the earlier layoffs, Pichai took responsibility for the decisions, stating that the company had experienced dramatic growth that required adjustments to sustain operations. Despite efforts, he acknowledged the process could have been managed better.

Redefining ‘Googleyness’

At the same meeting, Pichai stressed the need to revisit and reshape the concept of “Googleyness.” This term, often used to define the company’s unique culture and hiring philosophy, will now play a pivotal role in transforming corporate dynamics to adapt to new challenges.

The adjustments highlight Google’s commitment to staying competitive while reshaping its operational framework to remain aligned with its long-term vision.

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Zomato introduces Food Rescue feature

“We don’t encourage order cancellation at Zomato, because it leads to a tremendous amount of food wastage,” he said.

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Zomato has introduced a new feature called Food Rescue to minimise food wastage, announced the food delivery platform CEO Deepinder Goyal on Sunday.

Announcing the new feature on X, Goyal said the decision, to introduce the new feature, was taken to prevent the tremendous amount of food wastage due to order cancellation on the platform.

Committed to minimising food wastage, the Zomato boss said: “We don’t encourage order cancellation at Zomato, because it leads to a tremendous amount of food wastage.”

Goyal said despite having stringent policies, and a no-refund policy for cancellations, more than 4 lakh perfectly good orders get cancelled, for various reasons by customers.

He said the top concern for the online food delivery platform, the restaurant industry, and even the customers who cancel these orders, is to somehow save the food from going to waste.

With the launch of the new feature, Food Rescue, cancelled orders will now pop up for nearby customers, who can grab them at an unbeatable price, in their original untampered packaging, and receive them in just minutes.

According to Zomato, the cancelled order will pop up on the app for customers within a 3 km radius of the delivery partner carrying the order. To ensure freshness, the option to claim will only be available for a few minutes.

The online food delivery platform will not keep any proceeds except the required government taxes and the amount paid by the new customer will be shared with the original customer (if they made payment online) and with the restaurant partner.

Orders containing items sensitive to distances or temperature such as ice creams, shakes, smoothies, and certain perishable items, will not be eligible for Food Rescue.

Restaurant partners will continue to receive compensation for the original cancelled order, plus a portion of the amount paid by the new customer if the order is claimed, the company said. “Most restaurants have opted in for this feature, and can opt of it easily whenever they want, directly from their control panels,” it added.

The delivery partners will be compensated fully for the entire trip, from the initial pickup to the final drop-off at the new customer’s location, it said.

Food Rescue will show up on the customers’ home page automatically if there’s a cancelled order available for them to grab. The Customers have to refresh the home page to check for any newly available orders which need to be rescued.

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Adani, Torrent compete to purchase Gujarat Titans from CVC Capital

The probable sale of the Gujarat Titans, with the lock-in period coming to a close, will therefore be a defining moment in the changing face of IPL investments.

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The Adani Group and Torrent Group are currently negotiating a deal with private equity firm CVC Capital Partners to offload a controlling stake in the Indian Premier League franchise Gujarat Titans. According to sources, close to the development, reports say CVC Capital Partners will be looking to sell a majority interest while retaining a minority share in the franchise.

This becomes important because it is aligned with the end of the lock-in period by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which restricts any new teams from selling stakes until February 2025. The three-year-old franchise Gujarat Titans is reportedly worth $1 billion to $1.5 billion. CVC Capital Partners had paid ₹5,625 crore for the franchise in 2021.

A source close to the development pointed out that IPL franchises have attracted many investors’ interest since the league has proved an asset with a good reputation for money-making capabilities and cash flows. This growing interest of investors embodies the financial value and stability that come with the IPL franchises.

Gautam Adani, who owns teams in the Women’s Premier League and UAE-based International League T20, is understood to be one of the serious buyers. In 2023, Adani’s group won the Ahmedabad franchise in the WPL with a bid of Rs1,289 crore, the highest offer. His interests in this potential deal signal his commitment to expanding his footprint in the cricketing world.

Arvinder Singh, COO of Gujarat Titans, exuded confidence in the financial future of the franchise. He said the team was confident of turning profitable in the next media rights cycle, referring to even the original ten IPL franchises that took four to five years to turn profitable. He added confidently that the Gujarat Titans would not only turn profitable but significantly enhance in brand value.
 
This surging interest of investors in it is evidence of the growing financial attractiveness of IPL franchises, driven by healthy revenue streams and an increasing global footprint. The probable sale of the Gujarat Titans, with the lock-in period coming to a close, will therefore be a defining moment in the changing face of IPL investments.

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