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If passport does not establish citizenship, then what does: Shashi Tharoor asks amid row

Shashi Tharoor has questioned the Centre’s stance that passports are not proof of citizenship and urged legislative changes to recognise passports and Aadhaar as conclusive citizenship documents.

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Congress MP Shashi Tharoor on Friday questioned the existing legal framework governing proof of Indian citizenship, asking what document citizens should rely on if a passport itself is not considered conclusive evidence of citizenship.

The remarks came a day after the Centre clarified that an Indian passport is primarily a travel document and has never been treated as definitive proof of citizenship under existing laws. The government maintained that this position is not new and has remained unchanged for years.

Reacting to the clarification, Tharoor described the situation as an “absurd legal paradox” and argued that ordinary citizens have long regarded passports as the highest form of official identity because they are issued only after extensive verification procedures. He said it is difficult for people to understand how a document obtained after rigorous scrutiny does not conclusively establish citizenship.

In a detailed statement, the Thiruvananthapuram MP urged the government to undertake what he termed a “common-sense legislative overhaul” to end the controversy. He proposed amending the legal framework so that both passports and Aadhaar cards are recognised as valid and conclusive proof of Indian citizenship unless specifically cancelled or withdrawn by the government.

Tharoor, however, acknowledged a key challenge with Aadhaar. Since Aadhaar is currently issued on the basis of residence and is available to both citizens and certain non-citizen residents, he suggested that the Unique Identification Authority of India issue a visually distinct Aadhaar card for non-citizens. According to him, such a distinction would allow the government to designate standard Aadhaar cards and valid Indian passports as sufficient proof of citizenship.

The debate intensified after the Ministry of External Affairs stated during a recent briefing that an Indian passport should not be treated as conclusive proof of citizenship. The Centre subsequently reiterated that the Passports Act, 1967 permits passports to be issued to non-citizens in certain circumstances in the public interest, and therefore possession of a passport alone cannot legally establish citizenship.

India News

Nepal flash floods kill 359, over 1,300 still missing, search continues for survivors

Nepal flash floods have killed at least 359 people and left more than 1,300 missing, with rescue and relief operations continuing across affected areas.

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The death toll from the deadly flash floods in Nepal has risen to at least 359, while more than 1,300 people remain missing, Nepali police said on Thursday as rescue teams continued searching for survivors.

The flash flood struck the Bhotekoshi River at around 9 am on Wednesday, causing widespread destruction across three districts. The disaster resulted in significant loss of life and left several people missing, including foreign tourists.

According to Nepalese officials, the flood rushed downstream after hitting the main market area, sweeping away people, animals, buildings and public infrastructure.

The powerful flow also damaged roads and bridges, disrupting key routes and complicating rescue and relief efforts.

288 Indians still missing

India’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said 288 Indians remain missing following the disaster. Around 200 people undertaking the Mansarovar Yatra have also sought evacuation.

India has sent two military aircraft carrying 48 tonnes of relief supplies to flood-hit Nepal. The supplies include solar lamps, hygiene kits, more than eight tonnes of medicines and food.

Rescue and relief operations intensified

Nepal’s security forces have stepped up rescue and relief operations, deploying helicopters and ground teams to affected areas.

Authorities are providing medical assistance, temporary shelters, food, water and medicines to people affected by the floods.

The disaster has also highlighted the growing risks facing communities and infrastructure in the Himalayan region, where unstable ice systems can threaten settlements, infrastructure and water supplies.

A similar flash-flood disaster occurred in the region in August 2025 after a glacial lake in Tibet overflowed amid high temperatures. Nine people were killed in that incident, while critical infrastructure, including a bridge connecting Nepal and China, was damaged.

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Nepal flash floods: Glacial collapse, not earthquake, triggered disaster clarifies USGS

The USGS clarified that seismic activity initially reported as an earthquake was caused by a glacial collapse and debris flow that triggered deadly flash floods in Nepal.

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The tremors associated with the deadly flash floods in Nepal on Wednesday morning were caused by a powerful landslide involving ice and rock, rather than an earthquake, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) clarified.

The agency said the seismic activity initially reported as an earthquake “was instead a glacial collapse and debris flow” that caused catastrophic impacts downstream.

The USGS had initially reported seismic activity along the Nepal-China border, north of Kathmandu. It later clarified that the event was not an earthquake.

“No earthquake had occurred,” the agency said.

Landslide triggered debris-laden flood

An initial study of satellite imagery from Planet Labs indicated that a landslide involving ice and rock triggered a debris-laden flood in the Lhende River.

The landslide occurred about 20 km northeast of the Nepal-China Rasuwagadhi border crossing.

The Lhende Khola River is a tributary of the Bhote Koshi River, which flows from China into Nepal. The powerful landslide sent debris and water downstream, triggering the flash floods.

The event was later registered as seismic activity equivalent to an earthquake measuring 5.2 in magnitude.

157 bodies recovered in Nepal

Relief and rescue operations are underway in Rasuwa and other affected areas following the floods.

Nepal Police have recovered 157 bodies, while authorities are working to move families living in flood-risk areas to safer locations.

At least 403 tourists, including 341 foreigners, were reported unaccounted for several hours after the disaster, according to the tourism ministry.

The missing foreigners included 142 Indians, along with nationals from Australia, Britain, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, South Korea and the United States, according to the tourism board.

Rescue teams are searching for survivors and bodies buried under mud and debris. Prime Minister Balendra Shah has pledged government resources for relief and rescue operations.

Floods hit several districts

The flood surged through the Bhote Koshi River at around 9 am local time after crossing over from the Tibet side.

Rasuwa and Dhading, which border Tibet, along with Nuwakot, were among the affected districts.

In Tibet, China’s state broadcaster reported that three people were killed and 265 were missing in Gyirong. It said the deaths were still being verified and rescue operations were continuing.

Security footage from the Nepal-Tibet border showed people fleeing moments before a torrent of rock, mud and water swept through the area, destroying buildings and vehicles.

Families search for missing relatives

Residents from affected areas of Nuwakot and Dhading gathered outside a Nepali Army training centre that was being used as a base for helicopter rescue operations.

People sought information about relatives who remained missing after the floods. Police were recording the names of missing people outside the barracks as the area remained without electricity because of damage to hydropower infrastructure.

Across the affected areas, houses, trees and vehicles were submerged or buried beneath mud and debris.

Helicopters continued rescue operations, bringing survivors out of the flood-hit areas.

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Haryanvi Singer Ankit Balyan shot dead outside Gym in Shamli

Haryanvi singer and YouTuber Ankit Balyan was shot dead by unidentified assailants outside a gym in Shamli, Uttar Pradesh.

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Ankit Balyan

Haryanvi singer and YouTuber Ankit Balyan was shot dead by unidentified assailants outside a gym in Uttar Pradesh’s Shamli district on Wednesday evening, police said.

The incident took place in the Kotwali police station area when Balyan was coming out of the gym. According to police, the attackers arrived on two motorcycles and opened several rounds of fire at him. Balyan died at the spot.

Police launch probe into killing

Following the shooting, police reached the spot and began an investigation into the killing.

Shamli Superintendent of Police M P Singh said the body had been sent for post-mortem examination. Police teams have also been formed to arrest the accused.

Investigators are examining CCTV footage from the area to identify the attackers and trace their movements.

Speculation over possible motive

There has been speculation that Balyan was planning to contest the upcoming panchayat polls. However, there was no official confirmation from authorities or his associates that this was connected to the killing.

Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav condemned the murder and called for the possibility of political rivalry to be investigated. He also criticised the law-and-order situation in Uttar Pradesh and described the incident as an attack on the Jat community.

Ankit Balyan’s YouTube presence

Balyan was a singer and YouTuber with more than 3.66 lakh subscribers. He appeared in videos as a singer and performer alongside different collaborators.

Several of his videos featured guns, firearms and SUVs. His killing has prompted police to investigate the circumstances surrounding the shooting and identify those responsible.

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