Khudiram Bose: Why did Judge Douglas Kingsford become a target of him? how he was caught? all you need to know about Muzaffarpur conspiracy case
During his time Bengal was a hotbed of revolutionaries and freedom fighters, and freedom movements were more visible in Bengal than other regions. Reason was being the presence of a large number of British officials in Calcutta which was then the capital of British India.
Khudiram Bose, India’s youngest freedom fighter was born on December 3, 1889, and hanged to death in Bihar’s Muzaffarpur jail at the age of 18 for planning to assassinate the British judge Douglas Kingsford. He had executed to death on August 11, 1908.
At the age of 18, Bose, and his friend Prafulla Chaki made a plan to assassinate judge Kingsford. They threw a bomb on a vehicle of the judge but he escaped the attack and unfortunately, two British women Mrs Kennedy, the wife of Pringle Kennedy, a leading pleader of the Muzaffarpur Bar, and her daughter were killed in an unsuccessful attempt to kill judge Kingsford.
Muzaffarpur Conspiracy Case
Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose were chosen in 1908 by the revolutionaries based in Calcutta – Anushilan Samiti to get the job done. The two young revolutionaries landed in Muzaffarpur in the third week of April 1908 with some weapons. They stayed in a free, charitable inn of a Bihari zamindar at Dharmashala and carefully watched the daily activities of judge Kingsford.
On the evening of 30 April 1908, Prafulla and Bose reached the European Station Club with the bomb and lay ambushed under the shade of a tree in front of the club gate. They went inside the club after the arrival of Kingsford. Both the youngsters did not realize that they had chosen the wrong place for ambushing. It is said that Khudiram and Prafulla had waited in front of Kingsford’s house, not the European Station Club, where Kingsford and his wife were playing bridge with Mr and Mrs Kennedy.
Soon Khudiram was apprehended by the police and hanged to death in Muzaffarpur jail after the trial. He was not afraid when the noose was around his neck while the other accused Prafulla escaped from the scene and shot himself to death before being caught by the police.
Why did Bose want to kill Judge Kingsford?
Bose, an epitome of fearlessness, had decided to kill the Magistrate of Calcutta Douglas Kingsford because of his unjust, biased and harsh judgments on Indian nationalists.
Douglas Kingsford, former Chief Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta was a colonial British judicial officer and was dealing with lots of cases against freedom fighters and revolutionaries in his court in Calcutta.
His judgments on Indian nationalists were not based on merit but on hate and partiality. His inhuman, unjustified and vindictive verdicts against the ”Swadeshi and anti-Partition activists” earned him a bad name and later the people across Bengal considered him ruthless and cruel.
When Kingsford was the presiding judge in a sensational case against Aurobindo Ghosh, editor of Vandemataram and its publisher Bipin Chandra Pal, a young 15-year-old boy revolted against the police who ill-treated the Indians in the court.
Judge Kingsford, without any remorse or any consideration for the age of the boy, ordered 15 lashes. The boy shouted Vande Mataram after every lash.
This news appeared on the front page of every newspaper of Bengal that led to resentment and anger in revolutionaries. This act was deeply embedded in the mind of Jugantar group revolutionaries and then they have decided to kill inhuman judge Kingsford.
The local newspapers like Yugantar, Vandemataram, etc run by natives carried lots of news items about the oppressive British rule and their high-handedness in dealing with the natives and giving them scant respect for their free India concept. His antipathy toward Indians was quite well-known and he was highly critical of the Bengali newspaper Jugantar.
What was the situation of Bengal during 19s
During his time Bengal was a hotbed of revolutionaries and freedom fighters, and freedom movements were more visible in Bengal than other regions. Reason was being the presence of a large number of British officials in Calcutta which was then the capital of British India.
Bengal was first seized by the East India Company in an unethical manner under the direction of Robert Clive. The murder of the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-daulah was carried out by Clive and his co-worker James Watts. The British had been in Bengal since the later part of the 1700s, exploiting the land, people and natural resources. However, Britain had received vast revenue from the Indian subcontinent and extended, improved their economy at the cost of reducing Indians to poverty.
Uttar Pradesh CM directs high vigilance ahead of Bakri Eid, orders strict compliance on sacrifice and prayers
Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister has directed state administrative and police heads to ensure strict vigilance ahead of Bakri Eid. Rules mandate animal sacrifice only at designated spots and prohibit road blockages for public prayers.
In view of the upcoming festival of Bakri Eid, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath reviewed administrative and security arrangements across the state. In a high-level security meeting, the chief minister directed officials to strengthen vigilance and clearly specified that the ritual sacrifice of animals will not be permitted in public spaces under any circumstances.
The state administration clarified that sacrifices must take place strictly at pre-designated, approved locations, and no new religious practices or traditions are to be encouraged. The chief minister also reiterated the ongoing ban on the sacrifice of prohibited animals across the state.
Guidelines on public prayers and law enforcement
To ensure that public mobility and normal life are not disrupted, the administration has directed that namaz must be offered exclusively at traditional venues. The government statement explicitly noted that permission will not be granted to offer prayers by blocking roads under any circumstances.
To prevent any communal friction or law-and-order issues, police chiefs and district magistrates in sensitive areas have been instructed to act proactively. The chief minister interacted directly with administrative heads of highly monitored districts, including Aligarh, Bijnor, Saharanpur, Rampur, and Sambhal. Law enforcement agencies have been asked to analyze past incidents to identify potential disruptive elements and initiate preventive action. Furthermore, continuous foot patrolling and pre-festival flag marches are to be conducted near religious sites and in sensitive neighborhoods. Regular dialogue will also be maintained with local peace committees at the police station, tehsil, and district levels to foster communal harmony.
Cleanliness, waste management, and slaughterhouse checks
The state directives place heavy emphasis on hygiene and the systemic disposal of waste during the festive period. Every district must implement a well-planned system to manage and dispose of waste following ritual sacrifices.
Media reports highlight that the open sale of meat remains strictly prohibited, and illegal slaughterhouses will not be allowed to operate anywhere in the state. For authorized and licensed slaughterhouses, the administration has mandated that the number of animals kept must strictly align with the officially prescribed capacity. Additionally, round-the-clock power supply, sanitation, and municipal security will be monitored.
Preparations for Ganga Dussehra and community grievance redressal
The review meeting also outlined security and safety measures for the upcoming Ganga Dussehra festival. Districts such as Prayagraj, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Hapur, Muzaffarnagar, and Amroha have been instructed to ensure clean ghats, proper barricading, shade provisions, and efficient parking management. Given the prevailing intense heatwave conditions, the comfort and safety of visiting devotees must be treated as a top priority, with ambulances deployed near heavy footfall areas.
In a bid to improve governance, the chief minister also passed several other structural directives during the session. Weekly ‘chaupals’ (community gatherings) are to be organized at the block level to immediately resolve public grievances, including revenue disputes, domestic violence, extortion, and local police complaints. These gatherings will also serve to enroll eligible beneficiaries into pending government welfare schemes.
On the administrative and regulatory front, a crackdown against vehicles running without number plates has been initiated alongside the creation of a specialized task force to eliminate illegal mining. Urgent appointments will also be filled in districts currently lacking a chief medical officer. Concluding the meeting, the administration reviewed the Department of AYUSH, ordering effective steps to deploy the ‘AYUSH Health and Wellness Policy-2026’ to promote the state as a premier global wellness tourism destination.
No uniform civil code provisions will be imposed on tribals, clarifies Amit Shah
Union Home Minister Amit Shah has assured tribal communities that the proposed Uniform Civil Code will not interfere with their customs, urging them not to be misled by misinformation.
Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Sunday declared that the proposed Uniform Civil Code (UCC) will not impact tribal populations in any manner. He called upon the community to stay vigilant against “conspiracies” and misinformation circulating on the subject.
Addressing the Janjati Sanskritik Samagam—a tribal conclave organized by the Janjati Suraksha Manch at the Red Fort grounds to mark the 150th birth anniversary year of Birsa Munda—Shah stated that specific provisions have been implemented in states ruled by the ruling party to exclude tribal communities from the scope of the code.
Clarification on customs and traditions
The Home Minister highlighted that a deliberate narrative has emerged suggesting the proposed legislation would strip tribal societies of their distinct culture, traditions, and customary lifestyles.
He explicitly clarified that the central government has no intention of forcing UCC regulations upon tribal or Vanvasi communities. Shah pointed out that where regional administrations have initiated the code, care has been taken by the leadership to ensure that indigenous populations remain fully outside its jurisdiction. He requested attendees to disseminate this assurance deeply into forest zones and rural villages to erase lingering apprehensions.
Focus on security and community development
Beyond the legislative framework, Shah detailed the progress made toward curbing internal security threats, stating that the nation is steadily advancing toward eradicating Naxalism entirely. He noted that violent disruptions had severely restricted progress in these belts for decades, leading to the loss of thousands of tribal lives. According to the minister, regional stability will now pave the way for accelerated development across remote hills and forests.
The address also covered constitutional rights regarding personal faith. Shah mentioned that the original framework of the Constitution grants every citizen the dignity to practice their traditional beliefs without facing coercion, temptation, or material inducement for religious conversion.
Reflecting on financial allocations, the minister criticized earlier political administrations for keeping tribal welfare funding low. He underscored that the current administration under Prime Minister Narendra Modi significantly elevated the dedicated tribal budget from a previous Rs 28,000 crore to Rs 1.54 lakh crore. Terming the vast gathering a historical movement for cultural preservation, Shah described the societal awakening as a major step toward safeguarding tribal heritage for future generations.
Petrol crosses Rs 100 mark in Delhi after fresh Rs 2 hike amid global tensions
Petrol and diesel prices have been hiked by Rs 2 per litre in Delhi, pushing petrol past the Rs 100 mark. The revision marks the fourth increase within two weeks, driven by the ongoing Iran-US conflict.
In a significant blow to daily commuters, domestic fuel prices have been raised once again. Petrol and diesel rates were increased by Rs 2 per litre on Monday, marking the fourth such upward revision in the last two weeks. With this latest hike, the price of petrol has officially breached the psychological threshold of Rs 100 per litre in the national capital.
The consecutive revisions come on the back of severe disruptions in global oil supplies triggered by the ongoing military escalation between Iran and the United States. As international crude markets navigate the fallout of the West Asia crisis, domestic oil marketing companies have steadily passed the financial burden onto consumers to cope with surging production costs. Prior to this update, fuel rates had already experienced multiple sharp spikes over the last fortnight, compounding the financial strain on households.
Media reports indicate that while the central government had previously managed to hold steady on retail prices during the early phases of the geopolitical disruption, the sustained pressure on global energy supply routes has left local distributors with little choice but to adjust domestic rates accordingly.
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