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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: What was the reason behind Amritsar massacre in 1919? Know why April 13 is called the darkest day in Indian history

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, marked the turning point in India’s freedom struggle.

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The Amritsar massacre, popularly known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, was a watershed moment in India’s independence war. April 13, 1919, is still remembered as the darkest day in Indian history, even after 100 years. Today marks the 103rd anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which occurred during the Baisakhi celebration.

Peaceful protest at the Jallianwala Bagh turned into massive violence after General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to start firing which led to the deaths of hundreds of people and injuring over thousands of people.

What led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?

On March 10, 1919, the Rowlatt Act (Black Act) was passed, allowing the government to detain or confine anybody suspected of seditious acts without a trial. This resulted in widespread unrest. To oppose the Rowlatt Act, Gandhi started the Satyagraha movement.

The British authorities debated what action to take against Gandhi and any other Satyagraha activists. Gandhi was forbidden from visiting Punjab, and if he disobeyed the orders, he would be arrested. On Ram Navami Day, April 9, 1919, O’ Dwyer issued instructions to Deputy Commissioner Irving to arrest Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlew.

Read Also: 103 years of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Here are 7 lesser-unknown facts you must know

Thousands of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh to commemorate Baisakhi and peacefully protest the arrests of two prominent politicians, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. However, public meetings and processions were prohibited, which the locals were unaware of.

What happened in Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

On April 13, at least 10,000 men, women, and children assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, which was pretty much fully surrounded by walls and had only one exit. It’s unclear how many protesters violated the restriction on public gatherings and how many people had traveled to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate Baisakhi, a spring festival.

Dyer and his men arrived and locked the door behind them. The forces opened fire on the gathering without warning, allegedly firing hundreds of bullets until they ran out of bullets. It’s unknown how many people died in the tragedy, but according to an official source, 379 people were killed, and about 1,200 wounded.

The troops fled from the spot as soon as they stopped the fire, leaving the dead and injured behind. Following the shooting, Punjab declared martial law, which included public floggings and other humiliations.

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Punjab AAP leader Lucky Oberoi shot dead in daylight attack in Jalandhar

AAP leader Lucky Oberoi was killed in a daylight shooting in Punjab’s Jalandhar after attackers fired multiple bullets at him while he was inside his car.

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AAP LEADER Lucky oberoi

AAP leader Lucky Oberoi was shot dead in a broad daylight attack in Punjab’s Jalandhar on Friday after unidentified assailants opened fire at him near a gurdwara in the city.

According to initial information, Oberoi was inside his car near the Gurdwara Sahib in the Model Town area when attackers arrived on a two-wheeler and fired multiple rounds at him. Five bullets reportedly hit him during the attack.

He was rushed to a private hospital immediately after the shooting, but doctors declared him dead due to the severity of his injuries.

Attack near gurdwara, police launch investigation

As per preliminary details, Oberoi was parking his vehicle outside the gurdwara when the attackers struck. The shooting triggered panic in the area, prompting an immediate response from the local police.

A police team reached the spot soon after receiving information and has launched an investigation into the incident. Efforts are underway to identify the attackers and determine the motive behind the killing.

Political reactions after killing

Following the incident, Leader of Opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly, Partap Singh Bajwa, strongly criticised the state government, alleging a collapse of law and order in Punjab.

In a post on X, Bajwa said the daylight killing of an AAP leader outside a gurdwara reflected the deteriorating security situation in the state. He questioned the government’s ability to protect citizens, claiming that fear and gang violence were gripping Punjab under the current administration.

Background

Lucky Oberoi was associated with the Aam Aadmi Party in Punjab. His wife had earlier contested municipal elections as an AAP candidate but did not win.

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Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026: PM Modi to interact with students at 10 am today

PM Modi will address students across India at 10 am today as part of Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026, focusing on stress-free examinations and learning.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi will interact with students from across the country on Friday at 10 am as part of the annual Pariksha Pe Charcha (PPC) programme. The 2026 edition continues the initiative’s focus on reducing exam-related stress and encouraging students to prioritise learning over pressure.

In a message shared on X, the Prime Minister invited students, parents and teachers to watch Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026, noting that this year’s discussions will cover topics related to examinations, the importance of staying stress-free and maintaining focus on learning. He described the programme as a platform he enjoys, as it allows him to engage directly with young minds from different parts of the country.

Aligned with NEP 2020 vision

The Pariksha Pe Charcha initiative aligns with the National Education Policy 2020, which emphasises holistic development, mental well-being and a supportive learning environment. The programme seeks to transform how examinations are perceived by fostering confidence, positivity and celebrating the exam season as a learning festival rather than a source of anxiety.

According to an official release from the Ministry of Education, the Prime Minister has also shared his views on examinations and student well-being in his book Exam Warriors. Available in multiple languages as well as Braille, the book highlights the importance of self-belief and open conversations around stress so that children can enjoy a balanced and fulfilling childhood.

Student participation in pre-event activities

Conceptualised by the Prime Minister, Pariksha Pe Charcha introduces new and engaging elements every year. In the lead-up to the 2026 edition, several student-focused activities were organised across schools nationwide. These included the Swadeshi Sankalp Daud, a student-led run or walk promoting the spirit of self-reliance, along with quiz and writing competitions conducted at selected Kendriya Vidyalayas on Parakram Diwas.

The Ministry of Education stated that approximately 4.81 crore students participated in these pre-event activities, reflecting the scale and reach of the initiative.

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PM Modi accuses Congress of anti-Sikh bias over Rahul Gandhi’s ‘traitor’ remark

Prime Minister Narendra Modi accused Rahul Gandhi of targeting BJP MP Ravneet Singh Bittu with a ‘gaddar’ remark because of his Sikh identity while speaking in the Rajya Sabha.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday launched a sharp attack on Leader of the Opposition Rahul Gandhi, alleging that his “traitor” remark against BJP MP Ravneet Singh Bittu reflected the Congress party’s animosity towards the Sikh community.

The Prime Minister made the remarks in the Rajya Sabha while replying to the motion of thanks on the President’s address. Referring to an incident in the Parliament complex a day earlier, Modi said Gandhi’s comment had crossed all limits of political decency.

The controversy stems from a protest by suspended Opposition MPs, during which Ravneet Singh Bittu — a former Congress leader who joined the BJP ahead of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections — allegedly made a remark suggesting the protesters were behaving as if they had won a war.

In response, Rahul Gandhi was heard saying, “A traitor is walking by, look at his face,” before approaching Bittu and extending his hand. Gandhi then reportedly added, “Hello, brother. My traitor friend. Don’t worry, you will come back.”

Bittu refused to shake hands with the Congress leader and instead described him as an “enemy of the country” before walking away from the scene.

While the Congress later clarified that Gandhi’s remark was aimed at Bittu for leaving the party, the BJP seized upon the comment, calling it an insult to the Sikh community. Protests were subsequently held by members of the Sikh community outside the Congress headquarters and at other locations.

Addressing the House, Prime Minister Modi said that many leaders had quit the Congress in the past and that the party itself had split multiple times, but none of those leaders had been labelled a traitor. “He called this MP a traitor because he is Sikh,” the Prime Minister alleged, as treasury bench members raised slogans condemning the remark.

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