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Pride Month 2022: A timeline of India’s LGBTQ movement’s struggle against Section 377

In India, homosexual intercourse was declared an unnatural and a criminal offence under Chapter 16, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

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Pride Month 2022

Humans, unapologetically humans!

June is here and so is Pride Month. Every year, the LGBTQ community across the globe come together to celebrate their existence and sexuality in the month of June which is referred to as Pride Month.

LGBTQI is an abbreviation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex community. Over the year, the movement has gained wide recognition and has also witnessed celebrities coming out and extending their support to the community. However, the debate on the legal rights of the LGBTQ community continues.

Pride Month

Pride Month began in 1969 when the gay rights parade in New York City met with resistance from the NYPD. This triggered the first pride parade on June 28. The parade took place to make people aware of their rights, choices, and struggles of the LGBTQI community.

In India, homosexual intercourse was declared an unnatural and a criminal offence under Chapter 16, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Even after independence, homosexuality remained a criminal offence.

A timeline of India’s LGBTQ movement’s struggle against Section 377

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On November 26, 1949, the Indian Constitution came into effect which introduced Article 14, the right to equality, Article 15, the prohibition of discrimination based on religion, caste, race, sex or place of birth, and Article 21, the right to privacy and personal dignity to all citizens. These articles speak about equality, privacy, and discrimination yet homosexuality remained a criminal offence in India.

In July 2009, the Delhi High Court made a landmark decision and Justice Shah and Justice S Muralidhar struck down Section 377 of the IPC. However, on December 11, 2013, the Supreme Court overturned the decision ruled out by the Delhi High Court and stated that amending or repealing Section 377 should be looked upon by the Parliament and not the judiciary.

On January 28, 2014, the Supreme Court dismissed a review petition filed by the Central Government, NGO Naz Foundation and others and ordered to reconsider the December 11 verdict on Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. However, a two-judge bench passed the popular National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) judgement by which the transgender community were given the right to be called the third gender.

On December 18, 2015, the senior Congress leader, Shashi Tharoor, introduced a Bill to Lok Sabha for the decriminalisation of Section 377. But, the Bill was rejected by the house by a vote of 71-24.

On February 2, 2016, the Supreme Court and a five-judge bench reviewed a petition by Naz Foundation.

In 2018, the Supreme Court reconsidered its 2013 decision on homosexuality. On July 10, a five bench led by Justice Dipak Misra and comprising of Justice RF Nariman, Justice AM Khanwilkar, Justice DY Chandrachud, and Justice Indu Malhotra began hearing petitions that challenged Section 377. The petitioners argued that section 377 violated fundamental rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

It was on September 6, 2018, when the Supreme Court made a historic decision to strike down Section 377 and decriminalised homosexuality. India finally bid adieu to the 150-year-old rule.

Cut to 2022, the struggle of the LGBTQ+ community continues.

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PM Narendra Modi flags off Amrit Bharat Express trains linking UP with Maharashtra

Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off two Amrit Bharat Express trains connecting Varanasi to Pune and Ayodhya to Mumbai, enhancing long-distance rail connectivity.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi on April 28 flagged off two new Amrit Bharat Express trains, strengthening rail connectivity between Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

The newly launched weekly services will operate on two key routes — Varanasi (Banaras) to Hadapsar in Pune and Ayodhya to Mumbai’s Lokmanya Tilak Terminus.

Improved connectivity between spiritual and economic hubs

The new trains are designed to link major spiritual centres like Varanasi and Ayodhya with important economic cities such as Pune and Mumbai. This is expected to improve travel convenience for passengers, including pilgrims and migrant workers.

The Ayodhya–Mumbai route, in particular, is likely to support religious tourism linked to the Ram Temple while also easing long-distance travel demand between Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Focus on affordable and inclusive rail travel

The Amrit Bharat Express trains are aimed at providing affordable, non-AC long-distance travel with improved safety and comfort features. These services are part of a broader push to make rail transport more accessible to the common public.

Officials said the trains will run weekly and pass through multiple key stations across states, enhancing regional connectivity along the route.

Boost to indian railways network

The launch is part of the government’s ongoing efforts to expand railway infrastructure and improve connectivity across regions. With these additions, direct rail links between northern and western India are expected to become more efficient and accessible.

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PM Narendra Modi inaugurates projects worth over Rs 1,050 crore in Varanasi

PM Narendra Modi inaugurated projects worth Rs1,050 crore and laid foundation for Rs 5,300 crore initiatives in Varanasi, focusing on infrastructure and urban development.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday inaugurated development projects worth over Rs1,050 crore in Varanasi, while also laying the foundation stone for additional projects valued at around Rs 5,300 crore.

The initiatives are part of a broader push to strengthen infrastructure and public services in the Prime Minister’s parliamentary constituency.

Focus on infrastructure and connectivity

According to official details, a total of 48 completed projects were inaugurated, covering key sectors such as road connectivity, rail infrastructure and urban services.

Among the major highlights is the widening of the Varanasi-Azamgarh road, aimed at easing traffic flow and improving regional connectivity.

Additionally, new rail over bridges at Kazzakpura and Kadipur have been opened to reduce congestion and enhance transport efficiency in the city.

Urban development and public utilities

The Prime Minister also inaugurated a sewage treatment plant in Bhagwanpur with a capacity of 55 million litres per day, targeting improved sanitation and water management in the region.

These projects are expected to support long-term urban development and improve quality of life for residents.

Foundation laid for larger development push

In addition to the inaugurated works, Modi laid the foundation stone for 112 new projects worth around Rs 5,300 crore.

The upcoming projects span multiple sectors and are aimed at further strengthening infrastructure, boosting economic activity, and supporting urban expansion in Varanasi.

Financial support to dairy farmers

During the visit, the Prime Minister also announced a financial boost for dairy farmers by transferring over Rs 105 crore as bonus payments to milk suppliers associated with Banas Dairy in Uttar Pradesh.

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BJP sweeps all 15 municipal corporations in Gujarat, AAP loses Surat stronghold

The BJP has secured a sweeping victory in Gujarat civic polls, winning all 15 municipal corporations, with AAP suffering a major setback in Surat.

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The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has recorded a sweeping victory in Gujarat’s local body elections, winning all 15 municipal corporations across the state and reinforcing its dominance in urban governance.

The results underline the party’s strong grip in key cities, including Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot, where it secured overwhelming majorities and left opposition parties far behind.

In Ahmedabad, the BJP won 146 out of 192 seats, while the Congress lagged significantly with just a handful of seats. Similar trends were seen in other major cities, where the ruling party maintained a clear lead.

The most notable political shift emerged in Surat, where the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) suffered a sharp decline. After making gains in the previous election, AAP managed to secure only four seats this time, while the BJP surged ahead with 115 seats, effectively ending AAP’s position as a strong urban challenger in the city.

Across Rajkot and Vadodara as well, the BJP posted dominant performances, winning large seat shares and keeping the Congress confined to limited numbers.

Overall, the results reflect a broader trend of BJP consolidation not only in urban centres but also across local governance structures. The party also performed strongly in municipalities, district panchayats and taluka panchayats, though opposition parties retained small pockets of support in some rural areas.

The outcome is being seen as a significant political boost for the BJP in its traditional stronghold, while raising concerns for opposition parties struggling to expand their base in the state.

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