Subash Chandra Bose: A look at Netaji’s thoughts on Hindu-Muslim amity
Bose’s sensitivity towards Muslims came from his birth and childhood in a predominantly Muslim locality in Cuttack, Odisha, and his later move to Bengal where more than half the population was Muslim. His elder brother Sarat Chandra Bose had worked closely with the Muslim leaders of Bengal.
As a liberal follower of the Ramakrishna-Vivekananda movement, Subhas Chandra Bose had believed in religious harmony and considered Indian Muslims as an integral part of this land.
According to him, the first golden moment was the Gupta era and the second was created by the Indian Mughals who did not accept any other religion and made India their home by sharing the common social life of the people – their joys and their sorrows. Through this mutual co-operation, a new art and a new culture was evolved in India.
Netaji rightly uses the framework of synthesis to describe Hindu-Muslim relations in the pre-British era. In his book The Indian Struggle, Bose wrote about the policies of the Muslim rulers by mentioning that the daily life of the people was left untouched and the rulers did not interfere with local self-government based on the old system of village communities.
Bose’s comprehensive treason by selecting a Hindu (Prem Kumar Sahgal), a Muslim (Shah Nawaz Khan) and a Sikh (Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon) from Indian National Army (INA) prisoners to be tried for waging war against the King Emperor.
Mahatma Gandhi praised the communal amity characterised by the INA and Azad Hind government. Bose cooperated with the Muslim League in Calcutta Corporation, and proposed coalition governments for Bengal, Punjab and Sind.
Bose had inherited the renaissance-inspired liberal stream of socio-cultural thoughts as he emerged as a strong critic of communal and sectarian politics. In the late 1930s, he had banned for Congress to simultaneously be members of communal organisations such as the Hindu Mahasabha and the Muslim League, which was a practice among some leaders during the 1910s and the 1920s.
Contrarily, Bose could have competed with Muhammad Ali Jinnah for the loyalty of the Muslim elite, thus making a fundamental difference to the outcome of the 1946 provincial elections in which the League bagged most of the Muslim seats.
By 1937, 97% of Congress members were Hindu while the INA, led by Bose, was composed of officers and men of the British Indian Army, which was 35-40% Muslim.
Bose’s sensitivity towards Muslims came from his birth and childhood in a predominantly Muslim locality in Cuttack, Odisha, and his later move to Bengal where more than half the population was Muslim. His elder brother Sarat Chandra Bose had worked closely with the Muslim leaders of Bengal and was trusted by them.
Even assuming India was divided, Bose as the nationalist par excellence but secular to the core would have been able to outflank Hindu nationalists, including fellow Bengali Syama Prasad Mukherjee, the founder of the Jan Sangh. Nehru’s commitment to a secular India was second to none but his secularism was both liberal and effete.
Bose’s secularism tinged with hypernationalism based on the INA’s motto Ittehad, Itemad, Qurbani (Unity, Confidence, and Sacrifice) would have been far more muscular and could have prevented Hindu chauvinism from gaining traction.
However, today’s India looks very different in that case.
Farmers Delhi Chalo march suspended after tear gas injuries
Farmers have been camping at the Shambhu and Khanauri border points between Punjab and Haryana since February 13, after security forces halted their march to Delhi.
The protesting farmer unions, Kisan Mazdoor Morcha (KMM) and Samyukt Kisan Morcha (non-political) (SKM-NP) decided to recall the group of 101 farmers who had been marching towards Delhi. This move followed after several farmers including leaders were injured by tear gas shelling from the Haryana Police.
A group of 101 farmers began their march to Delhi at the Sambhu border, only to be halted a few metres away by a line of barricades. The Haryana police intervened, mentioning a prohibitory order under Section 163 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), asking the farmers not to proceed further.
Farmers leader Sarwan Singh Pandher told a news agency that they have called back the jatha for today in view of the injuries suffered by a few farmers. Reportedly, farmers are marching to demand a legal guarantee for the minimum support price of crops.
Furthermore, the Ambala district administration has imposed a ban on any unlawful assembly of five or more persons. A group of farmers, holding union flags, pushed down the iron mesh set up by security personnel on the bridge over the Ghaggar River.
Also, mobile internet and bulk SMS services were suspended in 11 villages of Ambala district by the Haryana government on Friday, effective until December 9. The ban reportedly covers Dangdehri, Lohgarh, Manakpur, Dadiyana, Bari Ghel, Lhars, Kalu Majra, Devi Nagar, Saddopur, Sultanpur, and Kakru villages.
Farmers have been camping at the Shambhu and Khanauri border points between Punjab and Haryana since February 13, after security forces halted their march to Delhi. The group began its march at 1 pm, but after covering a few metres, they were stopped by a multi-layered barricade erected by the Haryana government.
The group while chanting Satnam Waheguru and carrying farmers’ union flags and essential items, the jatha crossed the first layer of barricades with ease but could not proceed further. Reports said that a few farmers pushed aside the iron mesh and barbed wire, while others uprooted iron nails from National Highway-44. Water cannon vehicles have also been deployed at the Shambhu border point.
Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan today told the Rajya Sabha that the Narendra Modi government would purchase all farm produce at the minimum support price. The Union Minister gave the assurances during Question Hour while responding to supplementary questions on the issue.
His statement also came on a day when farmers started a foot march to Delhi with a charter of demands, including legal backing for MSP. Shivraj Singh Chouhan told in the Rajya Sabha that he wants to assure the House that all produce of farmers will be purchased at minimum support price. He added that this is a Modi government and the guarantee to fulfil Modi guarantee.
Criticizing the Opposition members, the Union Minister said that when the other side were in power, they had said on record that they cannot accept the MS Swaminathan Commission recommendations, especially on giving 50 percent more than the cost of produce. Mentioning that he has the record, he cited former minister of state for agriculture Kantilal Bhuria, ex-agriculture ministers Sharad Pawar and K V Thomas to back his claim.
Following his remarks, Chairman Jagdeep Dhankhar asked him to place on record the documents to substantiate his claim, which Shivraj Singh Chouhan agreed to.
The Union Minister claimed that the Opposition had never honoured the farmers and never gave a serious consideration to farmers’ demands for remunerative prices. He said that he wants to assure the house that since 2019 Prime Minister Narendra Modi has decided to calculate the minimum support price by giving 50 per cent profit on cost of production to farmers.
He further mentioned that the Modi government has been providing remunerative prices to farmers, adding that paddy, wheat, jowar, and soyabean have been purchased at 50 percent above the cost of production for the past three years. He also referred to interventions such as adjustments in export duties and prices whenever commodity rates decline.
Rajya Sabha chairperson Jagdeep Dhankhar on Friday said cash was recovered by Parliament security officials from the seat allotted to Congress MP Abhishek Manu Singhvi. The claim by the Rajya Sabha chairperson on the floor of the House led to protests by Congress MPs, with Mallikarjun Kharge stressing that names should not be taken before an investigation.
However, the Congress MP denied the charges. He said that he just carries a Rs 500 note when he goes to the Rajya Sabha. He added that he reached the House at 12:57 pm and the House rose at 1 pm. He continued that later he sat in the canteen till 1:30 pm with Ayodhya MP Awadhesh Prasad and left Parliament.
Nonetheless, the Congress MP and the Senior Advocate welcomed the probe into the incident. He mentioned that each of them must have a seat where the seat itself can be locked, and the key can be carried home by the MP, as everybody can then do things on the seat and make such allegations.
Jagdeep Dhankhar while addressing the Rajya Sabha said that the wad of notes was recovered during routine checks by security officials. He asserted that during a routine check yesterday after adjournment of the House, a wad of currency notes was recovered by security officials from seat no 222 currently allotted to Abhishek Manu Singhvi. An investigation will also take place in accordance with law.
Reacting to the remarks, Senior Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge said that the Rajya Sabha chairperson said the matter is under investigation. Until it is authenticated, his name should not be mentioned, the Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha noted.
However, Union Minister Kiren Rijiju, said there was nothing wrong in pointing out the seat number and the name of the MP, and demanded proper investigation. BJP chief and Union Health Minister JP Nadda also echoed the same demand, adding that this is an attack on the dignity of the House.
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