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Navratri 2022: A look at the nine forms of Goddess Durga and the stories behind them

According to legends Durga battled Mahishasura for nine straight days and was able to defeat him on the night of the 9th day. The tenth day is what came to be known and celebrated as Vijayadashami.

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With Shardiya Navratri being around the corner, many might have questions about goddess Durga and her different reincarnations being celebrated during the time of Shardiya Navratri. According to legends and manuscripts, Goddess Durga, during her battle with the demon Mahishasura, took avatars each day to fight and triumph over Mahishasura, those avatars came to be known as her nine avatars.

According to legends, Durga battled demon Mahishasura for nine straight days and was able to defeat him on the night of the 9th day. The tenth day is what came to be known and celebrated as Vijayadashami. Goddess Durga, because of her nine forms is also known as Navdurga and her 9 avatars are Shailaputir, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushamanda, Skandamata, Katyayni, Kalartri, Mahagauri, Siddhatri.

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Goddess Shailaputri

Maa Shailaputri is celebrated on the first day of Shardiya Navratri and is the first avatar of Goddess Durga. The depiction of Goddess Durga’s Shailaputri avatar is depicted with a Trishul in one hand and a lotus in the other hand. Goddess Shailaputri’s Vahan or ride is a bull known as Nandi. Goddess Parvati got her name as Shail, which in Sanskrit means mountain, as she was the daughter of Himalaya according to manuscripts.

Goddess Brahmacharini

Goddess Brahmacharini, who is celebrated on the second day of Shardiya Navratri, is depicted barefoot and holding a Rudraksha Mala in one hand and Kamadalu in the other. The Brahmacharini avatar is a state which represents the Parvati in the state of deep meditation to gratify lord Shiva.

Goddess Chandraghanta

The third day is devoted to the worship of Goddess Chandraghanta. The goddess got her name as she, in the Chandraghanta avatar, is depicted with 10-arms with a crescent moon on her forehead, hence the name. The Vahan or the ride for Chandraghanta is the tiger.

Goddess Kushmanda

Goddess Kushamanda is celebrated on the fourth day of Shardiya Navratri which is known as the Chaturthi. Goddess Kushamanda attained her name as her name means the creator of the Universe. The goddess is depicted with eight hands, six of which hold discus, mace, lotus, bow, and arrow on one side, and on the other side, she bears a sword, rosary, a jar of honey, and a waterpot. Goddess Kushmanda’s Vahan or ride is a lion.

Goddess Skandamata

Goddess Skandamata is worshipped on the fifth day or Panchami of the festival. Goddess Skandamata is depicted with four arms as two of her hands carry a lotus and on the other two, she carries Kamandalu and a bell. She can also be seen carrying a Skanda on her lap as her Vahan or ride is a lotus.

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Goddess Katyayni

Godess Katyayni is worshipped on the sixth day of the Navratri festival. Katyayni also known as the warrior goddess is the most violent form of goddess Parvati. She is depicted with a sword and rides a lion.

Goddess Kaalratri

On the seventh day or Saptami of Navratri, the devotees worship goddess Parvati’s form of Kaalratri. According to legends, Kaalratri sacrificed her skin and embraced a pigmented color to kill the demon Mahishasura. She is depicted as a four-armed deity, carrying a sword, a trident, and a noose. She also has a third eye on her forehead. Goddess Kaalratri’s Vahan or ride is a donkey.

Goddess Mahagauri

Goddess Mahargauri is worshipped on the eighth day or Durga Asthami of the festival. The portrayal of goddess Durga is shown to have four arms in which she carries a Trishul, Damru.
The goddess’s Vahan of choice is either a bull or a white elephant.

Goddess Siddhidatri

On the final day of Navratri, goddess Sidhhidhatri is worshipped. The depiction of Goddess Siddhidatri is shown as her having four arms in which she holds a mace, discus, book, and a lotus. The last form of Goddess Parvati symbolizes perfection.

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India and Russia vow to walk together against terrorism, reaffirm strategic partnership

PM Modi and President Putin reaffirm India-Russia unity against terrorism, deepen energy and trade cooperation, and discuss peace efforts amid the Ukraine conflict.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday underlined that India and Russia “walk together in the fight against terrorism,” reinforcing a decades-old strategic partnership that remains steady amid global geopolitical churn. The leaders issued the joint statement following talks at Hyderabad House in Delhi, where they also announced steps to boost trade, economic cooperation, and energy collaboration.

India-Russia stand firm on counter-terror cooperation

PM Modi described President Putin as a “dear friend” and highlighted Moscow’s consistent support to India on counter-terror efforts. Russia had earlier strongly condemned the terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam, allegedly linked to Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed, and reiterated solidarity with India’s fight against terrorism in all forms.

The joint remarks emphasized that the bilateral friendship, rooted in trust and mutual respect, has remained resilient for decades despite global challenges.

Focus on energy, trade and use of national currencies

A key highlight of the engagement was Russia reaffirming “uninterrupted shipments” of fuel to India. PM Modi expressed gratitude for Russia’s commitment, noting energy cooperation as a crucial pillar of the relationship. While he did not specifically mention oil purchases, given ongoing Western pressure, he emphasised cooperation in civil nuclear and clean energy.

The two countries also discussed expanding economic ties, including a possible free trade agreement. President Putin said bilateral trade was being targeted to reach USD 100 billion, and acknowledged progress toward using national currencies for payments — a remark expected to draw global attention.

Putin shares peace plan insights on Ukraine conflict

Putin briefed the Prime Minister on Russia’s perspective for a peaceful resolution to the ongoing Ukraine war and appreciated India’s continued role as a “champion of peace.” PM Modi reiterated India’s consistent position on dialogue and diplomacy.

Agreements across jobs, health, shipping and minerals

Officials exchanged multiple agreements covering employment mobility, health, shipping, chemicals and cooperation in critical minerals — further broadening the strategic footprint of the partnership.

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RBI cuts repo rate to 5.25%, paving the way for cheaper loans

The RBI has cut the repo rate to 5.25%, aiming to support growth as inflation softens. The central bank also raised GDP projections and announced liquidity-boosting measures.

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Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reduced the key repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25% on Thursday, signalling relief for borrowers as banks are expected to offer lower EMIs on home and vehicle loans. Governor Sanjay Malhotra announced the move after the conclusion of the three-day Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting.

RBI prioritises growth as inflation eases

Malhotra said the decision was unanimous, with the central bank choosing to focus on supporting economic momentum despite concerns over a weak rupee. The repo rate was earlier cut in June from 6% to 5.5% amid easing inflation trends.

The RBI now projects Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation at 2% for FY2025-26, significantly softer than earlier estimates. For the first quarter of FY2026-27, inflation is expected at 3.9%, lower than the previous projection. The governor noted that rising precious metal prices may contribute to the headline CPI, but overall risks to inflation remain balanced.

GDP outlook strengthened

In a strong upward revision, the central bank increased the GDP forecast for the current financial year to 7.3%, previously estimated at 6.8%. Growth for the October–December quarter has also been revised to 6.7%.

The last quarter registered a six-quarter high expansion of 8.2%, reflecting resilient demand and steady credit flow.

“The growth-inflation balance continues to offer policy space,” Malhotra said, reiterating that the RBI’s stance remains neutral.

Other key decisions

Alongside the repo rate cut, the RBI announced adjustments to key policy corridors:

  • Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): 5%
  • Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): 5.5%

To improve liquidity and strengthen monetary transmission, the RBI will conduct forex swaps and purchase ₹1 lakh crore worth of government bonds through Open Market Operations (OMO).

RBI reviews a challenging year

Reflecting on 2025, Malhotra said the year delivered strong growth and moderate inflation even as global trade and geopolitical uncertainties persisted. He added that bank credit and retail lending remained healthy, providing support to the economy.

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IndiGo flight chaos deepens as over 500 services cancelled, passengers stranded for hours

Over 500 IndiGo flights were cancelled nationwide, leaving passengers stranded without food, clarity or their luggage as airports struggled to manage the disruption.

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IndiGo flight

India’s largest airline continued to face massive operational breakdowns, triggering frustration among travellers at major airports across the country. From piles of unattended suitcases to passengers waiting over 12 hours without food or clarity, the disruption stretched into its fourth consecutive day.

Long delays, no communication leave passengers anguished

Several travellers at Delhi airport described the situation as “mental torture”, as thousands of unclaimed suitcases lay scattered across the terminal. Many slept on the floor, while others expressed anger over the lack of communication from airline staff.

One flier said he had been waiting for over 12 hours without any explanation: “Every time they say one-hour or two-hour delays. We were going to a wedding but don’t even have our luggage.”

A passenger in Hyderabad recounted a similar ordeal, saying the flight was delayed indefinitely with no food, water, or updates from the airline. At the airport, some travellers blocked an Air India flight in protest over the lack of arrangements.

Goa and Chennai airports also witnessed tense moments. Videos from Goa showed fliers shouting at IndiGo staff as police attempted to calm the situation. At Chennai, CISF denied entry to IndiGo passengers due to heavy congestion.

Major metro airports impacted; cascading cancellations nationwide

Flight cancellations and delays were reported across multiple airports:

  • Over 200 flights were cancelled in Delhi
  • More than 100 each in Mumbai and Bengaluru
  • Around 90 in Hyderabad
  • Dozens more in Pune, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai and Bhopal

Pune airport stated that parking bay congestion worsened the situation, as several IndiGo aircraft remained grounded due to lack of crew. Other airlines continued operations without disruption.

Airport authorities said they had mobilised additional manpower for crowd control and passenger support.

IndiGo admits planning lapses, says more cancellations expected

The airline acknowledged a “misjudgment” in assessing crew requirements under revised night-duty norms, which it said created planning gaps. Winter weather and airport congestion further aggravated the crisis.

IndiGo informed the aviation ministry and DGCA that some regulatory changes—such as the shift in night-duty timings and a cap on night landings—have been rolled back temporarily to stabilise operations.

The airline warned that cancellations may continue for another two to three days, and from December 8, schedules will be trimmed to prevent further disruption.

In a message to employees, CEO Pieter Elbers said restoring punctuality would not be an “easy target”.

Airline issues apology amid nationwide frustration

In a late-night statement, IndiGo apologised to customers and industry partners, acknowledging the widespread inconvenience caused by the disruptions. The airline said all teams were working with authorities to bring operations back to normal.

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