Social media platforms including Facebook, WhatsApp and X were restored in Nepal late Monday night, days after the government blocked 26 apps over registration issues. The decision followed massive Gen Z-led demonstrations that turned violent, leaving at least 19 people dead and more than 300 injured.
Gen Z-led movement spreads across cities
The protests, largely driven by students and young professionals, erupted in Kathmandu and quickly spread to Pokhara, Butwal, Bhairahawa, Bharatpur, Itahari and Damak. Demonstrators accused the government of curbing free expression and failing to address rampant corruption. Placards with slogans such as “Unban social media” and “Shut down corruption, not social media” dominated the streets.
The protests escalated on Monday when some demonstrators breached the Parliament compound, prompting police to fire water cannons, tear gas and even live rounds. Curfew orders have since been extended in several areas, including high-security zones in the capital.
Political fallout
In the wake of the violence, Nepal’s Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak resigned on moral grounds, followed by Agriculture Minister Ramnath Adhikari. Prime Minister K P Sharma Oli expressed “deep sorrow” over the deaths, while denying that the government intended to permanently shut down social media.
Minister for Communication, Information and Broadcasting Prithvi Subba Gurung confirmed that the government has directed agencies to resume social media operations. He also assured free treatment for the injured and compensation for the families of the deceased.
International concern and India’s caution
India has issued an advisory urging its nationals in Nepal to remain cautious and follow local guidelines amid curfew restrictions. The UN and several Western nations, including the US, UK, France and Australia, expressed shock over the killings and called for restraint.
What triggered the unrest?
The unrest began after the government ordered telecom regulators to block access to social media platforms that failed to register under new rules aimed at curbing fake accounts, hate speech and online fraud. Banned platforms included Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Snapchat, Pinterest and X.
Despite the restoration of services, protests have not subsided. Fresh demonstrations broke out in Kalanki, Chapagaun and other parts of the Kathmandu Valley on Tuesday, with reports of stone-pelting at Madhesh province Chief Minister Satish Kumar’s residence.