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Five years of demonetisation: A quick look at how it affected the economy

Despite the government’s attempts to encourage payment digitization and discourage cash transactions, cash transactions in the country continue to rise gradually.

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Five years of demonetisation

By: Kritika Bobal

It was a normal day for everyone until 8:15 p.m. when Prime Minister Narendra Modi jolted the country by stripping a monetary unit of its legal tender status. PM Modi stated that Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes—86 percent of all currency notes in circulation in terms of value—would be pulled from the circulation and will no longer be accepted as legal tender after 12 a.m.

In compensation for the demonetised banknotes, it also announced the issuance of new 500 and 2,000 currency notes. This sudden announcement not only tremored the souls of the poor but also affected the middle-class people, mainly the businessmen.

The country’s unorganized sector, which includes small-scale companies and micro home units, collapsed overnight. Millions of such units that relied on real currency watched their banknotes degrade into mere scraps of paper overnight. To compensate for the loss incurred during the fiscal term, the organized sector was forced to lay off workers.

The objective of demonetisation was to eradicate black money, reduce the use of fake notes, increasing digitization, and ease the transition of India’s non-formal sector into a formal sector. However, the idea backfired substantially in the days that followed, as persistent cash shortages disrupted people’s daily lives.

Five years of demonetization: A quick look at how it affected the economy

People who wanted to exchange their money had to wait in long queues, and numerous people died around the nation. The crisis continued, and individuals in misery waited for hours in front of banks, even after December 30, 2016, the final day the RBI allowed residents to deposit their old notes.

Despite fears of an economic disaster hovering over the country in recent years, the economy has managed to leapfrog in recent years, five years after the government declared demonetisation. Despite the government’s attempts to encourage payment digitization and discourage cash transactions, cash transactions in the country continue to rise gradually. Similarly, the country’s cash-to-GDP ratio fell from 12 percent as a result of demonetization but recovered in later years.

Read Also: Punjab CM: Petrol price cut by Rs 10, diesel by Rs 5

According to National Crime Records Bureau statistics, the number of reported instances for making Fake Indian Currency Notes increased 190.5 percent from 2019 to 2020, an 11.7 percent increase. Similarly, there was an 11.7 percent rise in occurrences of counterfeit cash notes in 2019 compared to 2018.

In Tamil Nadu, a 65-year-old visually impaired man has filed a petition with the Krishnagiri district collector’s office, requesting to exchange his old demonetized notes of Rs 500 and Rs 1,000, amounting to Rs. 65,000 in total. He stated that the money was his life savings, which he earned via begging.

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Congress, BJP attack Bhagwant Mann over remarks on Punjab blasts

Congress and BJP have jointly criticised Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann after he linked recent blasts near defence sites to political motives, triggering a controversy.

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Bhagwant Mann

A political row has erupted in Punjab after Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann linked recent blast incidents to political motives, drawing sharp criticism from both the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The controversy follows two low-intensity explosions reported within a short span of time — one near the Border Security Force (BSF) headquarters in Jalandhar and another close to an army cantonment area in Amritsar. The incidents raised concerns over security, particularly given the sensitive nature of the locations.

In response, Mann suggested that the blasts could be part of a larger political strategy. His remarks triggered a strong backlash, with opposition parties accusing him of politicising a serious security issue.

Leaders from the Congress criticised the Chief Minister’s statement, calling it inappropriate and alleging that such comments undermine the gravity of the situation. They stressed that matters related to national security should be handled with caution and responsibility.

The BJP also joined the criticism, questioning the basis of Mann’s claims and urging the state government to focus on investigation and law enforcement instead of making political allegations.

The developments have led to an unusual moment where both Congress and BJP appear aligned in their criticism of the Aam Aadmi Party-led government in the state.

Meanwhile, the blasts themselves have intensified concerns over safety in border regions, with authorities continuing their investigation into the incidents. No casualties were reported, but the proximity to defence establishments has made the issue particularly sensitive.

The episode has further escalated political tensions in the state, with security and accountability emerging as key points of debate.

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Himanta Biswa Sarma resigns as Assam chief minister, oath ceremony likely after May 11

Himanta Biswa Sarma resigns as Assam Chief Minister after BJP-led NDA’s victory. He will continue as caretaker CM until the new government is sworn in after May 11.

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Himanta sharma

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma resigned from his post on Wednesday, paving the way for the formation of a new government after the BJP-led NDA secured a decisive victory in the 2026 Assembly elections.

Sarma submitted his resignation to Governor Lakshman Prasad Acharya at Lok Bhawan in Guwahati. The Governor accepted the resignation and asked him to continue as the caretaker Chief Minister until the new government takes charge.

The resignation comes after the NDA’s strong electoral performance, where the alliance won a clear majority in the 126-member Assembly, ensuring its return to power for another term.

Oath ceremony expected after May 11

Speaking to reporters after submitting his resignation, Sarma said the swearing-in ceremony for the new government is likely to be held after May 11.

He indicated that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been invited to attend the ceremony but is unavailable until May 11, which has influenced the tentative schedule.

Decision on next chief minister soon

Sources suggest that central observers, including senior BJP leaders, are expected to arrive shortly to oversee the selection of the legislature party leader. The newly elected MLAs will then decide on the next Chief Minister.

Despite the formal resignation, party sources indicate that Sarma is likely to continue in the role for another term, given the BJP’s strong mandate in the state.

The move marks the beginning of the government formation process in Assam following the election results declared earlier this week.

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Rahul Gandhi and Vijay alliance took shape through backchannel talks, early signals from Congress leaders

Congress outreach and political calculations led to Rahul Gandhi and Vijay coming together after the Tamil Nadu 2026 election results.

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The coming together of Rahul Gandhi and actor-politician Vijay in Tamil Nadu after the 2026 Assembly elections was not sudden, but the result of behind-the-scenes political manoeuvring and early signals within the Congress.

According to media reports, some leaders in the Tamil Nadu Congress had already sensed the scale of Vijay’s surge during the campaign, anticipating what was later described as a “wave” in favour of his party.

After the results, where Vijay’s Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK) emerged as the single largest party but fell short of a majority, communication channels between the Congress leadership and Vijay quickly became active.

A key moment in this evolving political equation was a phone call from Rahul Gandhi to Vijay, congratulating him on the party’s strong performance. The conversation was seen as more than a courtesy, signalling the possibility of cooperation at a time when government formation required additional support.

Reports indicate that discussions within Congress weighed the political benefits of supporting Vijay, especially given the shifting dynamics in the state where traditional dominance by major Dravidian parties has been challenged.

With TVK needing allies to cross the majority mark, Congress emerged as a potential partner, leading to a broader political realignment in the state. This development also triggered tensions within opposition alliances, highlighting the strategic importance of the decision.

The evolving partnership reflects a mix of electoral pragmatism and changing voter sentiment, particularly the growing influence of younger voters, which leaders acknowledged as a key factor in the election outcome.

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