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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the fundamental legislation of the country and is regarded as the foundation of democracy in our country. The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

Indian Constitution is an umbrella of rights that gives the citizens of the country an assurance of free and fair societies.

On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India and it was 26 November 1949 when the Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution.

Indian Constitution adopts various features from the Constitutions of many countries and this is the reason it is known as the bag of borrowings or borrowed documents. Despite borrowed documents, it contains all the structure, functioning and working of the Government of India.

Here we present you with the features of the Indian Constitution that are borrowed from other nations.

Source/CountryProvisions
Constitution of United States1. Preamble
2. Fundamental Rights
3. Federal structure of government
4. Electoral College
5. Independence of the judiciary and separation of powers
among the three branches of the government
6. Judicial review
7. President as Supreme Commander of Armed Forces
8. Equal protection under law
Irish Constitution (Ireland)1. Directive Principles of State Policy
2. Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha
3. Method of Election of President
Australian Constitution1. Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states
2. Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal Federal jurisdiction
3. Concurrent List
British Constitution1. Parliamentary form of government
2. The idea of single citizenship
3. The idea of the Rule of law
4. Writs
5. Institution of Speaker and his role
6. Lawmaking procedure
7. Procedure established by Law
Canadian Constitution1. A quasi-federal form of government — a federal system with a strong central government
2. Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments
3. Residual powers retained by the central government
French Constitution 1. Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble
Constitution of
Soviet Union (USSR)
1. Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A
2. A Constitutionally mandated Planning Commission to oversee the development of the economy
Constitution of
Japan
1. Procedure Established by Law
Constitution of
South Africa
1. Procedure for amendment
2. Election of Rajya Sabha members
Constitution of
Germany
1. Emergency powers to be enjoyed by the Union
2. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency
Constitution of
Russia
1. Fundamental Duties
2. Idea of Social, Economic, and Political Justice in Preamble
Government of
India Act 1935
1. Federal Scheme
2. Emergency Provisions
3. Public Service Commissions
4. Office of Governor
5. Judiciary
6. Administrative Details
Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition

Is Indian Constitution a borrowed bag?

The Indian Constitution is a one-of-a-kind constitution that was designed over the course of three years by the constituent assembly. Even while some aspects of the Indian constitution are taken from other countries, it is incorrect to claim that it is a bag of borrowings. Read to know why!

Read Also: Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition on Samvidhan Diwas

  1. Even though various provisions are borrowed from other countries’ constitution but they are incorporated into the Indian Constitution to fit its political ideology and governance. They are not exactly copied.
  2. The Indian Constitution is the most extensive constitution in the world. The American Constitution includes only seven articles, the Australian Constitution has 128 articles, the Indian Constitution initially had 395 articles and has now extended to 448.
  3. The Indian Constitution is distinctive in both content and spirit.
  4. It is written with the historical perspective of Indian nationalist struggles in mind, as well as keeping the geographical variety of India in consideration. Its unique and distinctive attributes and aspects distinguish it apart from any other country.

India News

BJP raises seat offer to Eknath Shinde’s Shiv Sena to nearly 90 ahead of Mumbai civic polls, talks continue

The BJP has raised its seat offer to Eknath Shinde’s Shiv Sena to nearly 90 for the upcoming BMC elections, but fresh talks are needed as differences persist within the Mahayuti.

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With the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) elections drawing closer, the seat-sharing tussle within the Mahayuti alliance continues, with the BJP increasing its offer to Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena but failing to reach the party’s expectations.

According to sources, the BJP has now proposed close to 90 seats for the Shinde faction in the upcoming Mumbai civic polls. This is a significant jump from its earlier offer of 52 seats but still falls short of what Shinde is seeking. The Shiv Sena leader has reportedly reduced his demand from an initial 125 seats to 112, yet remains dissatisfied with the latest formula.

Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis is expected to hold another round of discussions with Shinde to break the deadlock. Sources indicate that the BJP is unlikely to stretch its offer much further, especially after its strong showing in recent statewide local body elections.

BJP firm after strong local poll performance

The BJP has emerged as the single largest party in the recent local polls, securing 117 municipal president posts. In comparison, the Shinde-led Shiv Sena won 53 posts, while Ajit Pawar’s faction of the NCP secured 37. These results have strengthened the BJP’s negotiating position ahead of the BMC elections.

However, the current seat-sharing calculations could change if Ajit Pawar decides to contest the Mumbai civic polls as part of the alliance. Senior NCP leader Sunil Tatkare confirmed that no final decision has been taken yet, noting that discussions with alliance partners are ongoing.

Nawab Malik factor complicates alliance talks

A major point of contention within the Mahayuti is the issue of senior NCP leader Nawab Malik, who is facing multiple corruption cases, including a money laundering case linked to underworld activities. While the alliance has made it clear that Malik is unacceptable as part of its Mumbai setup, Ajit Pawar is reportedly firm on backing him.

Mumbai BJP chief Ameet Satam has publicly stated that the party would not align with any group that includes Malik. Sources added that if the NCP joins the alliance in Mumbai, it may be asked to project a different leader and contest a limited number of seats.

BMC elections timeline

The countdown to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation elections has already begun, with less than a month left for polling. Voting is scheduled for January 15, with counting set to take place the following day. A total of 2,869 municipal seats will be contested, including 227 seats in the BMC.

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India News

Everyone has their demands: Robert Vadra responds to calls for Priyanka Gandhi as PM candidate

Robert Vadra has reacted to growing calls for Priyanka Gandhi as a prime ministerial candidate, saying leadership speculation should not overshadow pressing issues like pollution and employment.

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Robert Vadra

Businessman Robert Vadra has reacted cautiously to growing political chatter around Congress leader Priyanka Gandhi Vadra being projected as a future prime ministerial candidate, saying such expectations are natural but the priority should remain on issues directly affecting the people.

The remarks came after Congress Lok Sabha member Imran Masood publicly pitched Priyanka Gandhi, the party’s general secretary and MP from Wayanad, as a potential prime ministerial face. The statement triggered sharp reactions from the BJP, particularly in the backdrop of criticism over Priyanka Gandhi’s response to violence against minorities in Bangladesh.

Focus should remain on people’s issues, says Vadra

Speaking to media, Robert Vadra said that demands and expectations often emerge from different sections, but leadership speculation should not distract from pressing national concerns.

“Everyone has their own demands. There are demands from various quarters that Priyanka should come forward. There are also demands that I should enter politics. But right now, the focus should be on the real issues that concern the people of the country,” Vadra said.

He underlined that challenges such as pollution, education and employment deserve greater attention in public and political discourse.

Emphasis on brotherhood and unity

Commenting on the situation in Bangladesh, Vadra stressed the importance of harmony and communal unity, cautioning against divisive narratives.

He said that during his visits to religious places across the country, he has observed similar values and concerns among people of different faiths. According to him, unity and brotherhood should guide discussions, rather than any Hindu-Muslim divide.

“No one should be involved in divisive activities. The focus should be on serious challenges facing the country,” he added.

Domestic concerns should come first

Vadra also said that national priorities must take precedence before engaging with issues beyond India’s borders.

“First, we should focus on matters related to our own country. After that, we can look at issues concerning Bangladesh or any other nation,” he said.

Pollution needs urgent attention

Highlighting environmental concerns, Vadra said pollution in the national capital has reached alarming levels and requires immediate solutions. He noted that the issue did not receive adequate discussion during the Winter Session of Parliament.

He pointed out that Priyanka Gandhi had also intended to raise the issue of pollution in Parliament. Vadra suggested that if domestic measures fail, international cooperation could be explored to address worsening air quality.

Christmas greetings and call for peace

On the occasion of Christmas, Vadra extended greetings, saying he prayed for peace, unity and the overall well-being of the country.

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J&K cabinet clears residential plot allotment for flood-affected families

The Jammu and Kashmir cabinet has approved allotment of residential plots to families affected by floods and landslides in August and September, paving the way for rehabilitation.

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j nd k

In a significant relief measure for disaster-hit families in Jammu and Kashmir, the government has approved the allotment of residential plots to people whose homes were damaged or destroyed in floods and landslides earlier this year. The decision aims to help affected families rebuild their houses at safer locations.

The Jammu and Kashmir cabinet, led by Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, has cleared the 5 Marla residential land allotment scheme. A senior official said the proposal has been forwarded to the Lieutenant Governor for assent, marking an important step towards large-scale rehabilitation.

According to the government, the decision will cover families impacted by floods, cloudbursts and landslides that occurred during August and September across the Union Territory. Most of the damage was reported from the Jammu region, where thousands of houses were affected due to extreme weather events.

Official data shared earlier in Parliament indicated that the disasters caused widespread destruction. Around 200 people lost their lives, while more than 8,400 houses were damaged. In addition to property losses, large tracts of agricultural land were affected, and livestock losses were also reported.

A significant number of casualties occurred during religious pilgrimages. On August 14, flash floods at the Machail Yatra base camp in Chisoti area of Kishtwar district claimed over 60 lives, with several people reported missing. Another tragedy struck on August 26, when a massive landslide hit the Mata Vaishno Devi Yatra track in Katra amid heavy rainfall, killing 35 pilgrims.

Following the Katra incident, protests were held against the shrine board over the continuation of the yatra despite weather warnings. The Lieutenant Governor had ordered a probe into the landslide, directing a three-member committee to submit its report within two weeks. However, the report has not yet been made public.

While ex-gratia relief has already been provided to the families of those who lost their lives, the demand for land allotment to rebuild homes at safer locations has remained a key concern among survivors. Officials said identifying suitable land that is both safe and acceptable to local communities has been challenging.

A senior official said groundwork at the district level has largely been completed and the cabinet’s approval has paved the way for the rehabilitation process. The Centre has already sanctioned the reconstruction of 5,000 houses damaged in the floods in Jammu and Kashmir.

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