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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: What was the reason behind Amritsar massacre in 1919? Know why April 13 is called the darkest day in Indian history

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, marked the turning point in India’s freedom struggle.

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The Amritsar massacre, popularly known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, was a watershed moment in India’s independence war. April 13, 1919, is still remembered as the darkest day in Indian history, even after 100 years. Today marks the 103rd anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which occurred during the Baisakhi celebration.

Peaceful protest at the Jallianwala Bagh turned into massive violence after General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to start firing which led to the deaths of hundreds of people and injuring over thousands of people.

What led to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919?

On March 10, 1919, the Rowlatt Act (Black Act) was passed, allowing the government to detain or confine anybody suspected of seditious acts without a trial. This resulted in widespread unrest. To oppose the Rowlatt Act, Gandhi started the Satyagraha movement.

The British authorities debated what action to take against Gandhi and any other Satyagraha activists. Gandhi was forbidden from visiting Punjab, and if he disobeyed the orders, he would be arrested. On Ram Navami Day, April 9, 1919, O’ Dwyer issued instructions to Deputy Commissioner Irving to arrest Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlew.

Read Also: 103 years of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Here are 7 lesser-unknown facts you must know

Thousands of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh to commemorate Baisakhi and peacefully protest the arrests of two prominent politicians, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. However, public meetings and processions were prohibited, which the locals were unaware of.

What happened in Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

On April 13, at least 10,000 men, women, and children assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, which was pretty much fully surrounded by walls and had only one exit. It’s unclear how many protesters violated the restriction on public gatherings and how many people had traveled to the city from the surrounding region to celebrate Baisakhi, a spring festival.

Dyer and his men arrived and locked the door behind them. The forces opened fire on the gathering without warning, allegedly firing hundreds of bullets until they ran out of bullets. It’s unknown how many people died in the tragedy, but according to an official source, 379 people were killed, and about 1,200 wounded.

The troops fled from the spot as soon as they stopped the fire, leaving the dead and injured behind. Following the shooting, Punjab declared martial law, which included public floggings and other humiliations.

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Congress, BJP attack Bhagwant Mann over remarks on Punjab blasts

Congress and BJP have jointly criticised Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann after he linked recent blasts near defence sites to political motives, triggering a controversy.

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Bhagwant Mann

A political row has erupted in Punjab after Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann linked recent blast incidents to political motives, drawing sharp criticism from both the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The controversy follows two low-intensity explosions reported within a short span of time — one near the Border Security Force (BSF) headquarters in Jalandhar and another close to an army cantonment area in Amritsar. The incidents raised concerns over security, particularly given the sensitive nature of the locations.

In response, Mann suggested that the blasts could be part of a larger political strategy. His remarks triggered a strong backlash, with opposition parties accusing him of politicising a serious security issue.

Leaders from the Congress criticised the Chief Minister’s statement, calling it inappropriate and alleging that such comments undermine the gravity of the situation. They stressed that matters related to national security should be handled with caution and responsibility.

The BJP also joined the criticism, questioning the basis of Mann’s claims and urging the state government to focus on investigation and law enforcement instead of making political allegations.

The developments have led to an unusual moment where both Congress and BJP appear aligned in their criticism of the Aam Aadmi Party-led government in the state.

Meanwhile, the blasts themselves have intensified concerns over safety in border regions, with authorities continuing their investigation into the incidents. No casualties were reported, but the proximity to defence establishments has made the issue particularly sensitive.

The episode has further escalated political tensions in the state, with security and accountability emerging as key points of debate.

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Himanta Biswa Sarma resigns as Assam chief minister, oath ceremony likely after May 11

Himanta Biswa Sarma resigns as Assam Chief Minister after BJP-led NDA’s victory. He will continue as caretaker CM until the new government is sworn in after May 11.

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Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma resigned from his post on Wednesday, paving the way for the formation of a new government after the BJP-led NDA secured a decisive victory in the 2026 Assembly elections.

Sarma submitted his resignation to Governor Lakshman Prasad Acharya at Lok Bhawan in Guwahati. The Governor accepted the resignation and asked him to continue as the caretaker Chief Minister until the new government takes charge.

The resignation comes after the NDA’s strong electoral performance, where the alliance won a clear majority in the 126-member Assembly, ensuring its return to power for another term.

Oath ceremony expected after May 11

Speaking to reporters after submitting his resignation, Sarma said the swearing-in ceremony for the new government is likely to be held after May 11.

He indicated that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been invited to attend the ceremony but is unavailable until May 11, which has influenced the tentative schedule.

Decision on next chief minister soon

Sources suggest that central observers, including senior BJP leaders, are expected to arrive shortly to oversee the selection of the legislature party leader. The newly elected MLAs will then decide on the next Chief Minister.

Despite the formal resignation, party sources indicate that Sarma is likely to continue in the role for another term, given the BJP’s strong mandate in the state.

The move marks the beginning of the government formation process in Assam following the election results declared earlier this week.

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Rahul Gandhi and Vijay alliance took shape through backchannel talks, early signals from Congress leaders

Congress outreach and political calculations led to Rahul Gandhi and Vijay coming together after the Tamil Nadu 2026 election results.

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The coming together of Rahul Gandhi and actor-politician Vijay in Tamil Nadu after the 2026 Assembly elections was not sudden, but the result of behind-the-scenes political manoeuvring and early signals within the Congress.

According to media reports, some leaders in the Tamil Nadu Congress had already sensed the scale of Vijay’s surge during the campaign, anticipating what was later described as a “wave” in favour of his party.

After the results, where Vijay’s Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK) emerged as the single largest party but fell short of a majority, communication channels between the Congress leadership and Vijay quickly became active.

A key moment in this evolving political equation was a phone call from Rahul Gandhi to Vijay, congratulating him on the party’s strong performance. The conversation was seen as more than a courtesy, signalling the possibility of cooperation at a time when government formation required additional support.

Reports indicate that discussions within Congress weighed the political benefits of supporting Vijay, especially given the shifting dynamics in the state where traditional dominance by major Dravidian parties has been challenged.

With TVK needing allies to cross the majority mark, Congress emerged as a potential partner, leading to a broader political realignment in the state. This development also triggered tensions within opposition alliances, highlighting the strategic importance of the decision.

The evolving partnership reflects a mix of electoral pragmatism and changing voter sentiment, particularly the growing influence of younger voters, which leaders acknowledged as a key factor in the election outcome.

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