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“Iranian history, literature most sought-after”

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Professor Mohammad Kafi, president of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ferdowsi University of Mashhad was established in 1949, and with nearly seven decades of a brilliant academic record, research and cultural history, it is currently one of Iran’s top three universities and also the largest centre of higher education in the northeast of Iran. Professor Mohammad Kafi, president of the university, spoke to Shailaja Paramathma in an email interview about institutes of higher education and the student life in Iran. Excerpts from the interview:

The Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) offers 180 bachelors, masters and PhD programs in the field of engineering, humanities and various sciences. Which are the most sought-after courses?

All the courses and programmes are of standard scientific level at the university and many students from several countries are studying in different disciplines. However, programmes associated with humanities, such as Iranian history and literature, are more sought-after. Courses in chemistry, electrical engineering, mathematics, agronomy and food sciences are also excellent compared to other universities in Iran.

How many foreign students and from which countries seek out FUM, in particular, and other Iranian universities, in general, for higher education?

With 1,500 foreign students from 20 countries, FUM has the largest number of international students among Iranian universities. Main countries that send their students to FUM are neighbouring countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Lebanon. European and East Asian countries also select our university for courses in Persian language as well as for Iranian history and humanities courses. The same pattern holds true for other Iranian universities.

There was a time, around two decades ago, when the Iranian government offered substantial scholarships to Indian students to pursue higher education in Iranian universities. It has now stopped. What is the reason behind it?

These have stopped from our side. At present, all foreign students, including Indian applicants, can apply for scholarship through the Iranian ministry of science and technology. The university authorities can also offer some discount in tuition fee for meritorious students. But, generally speaking, we do not use our capacity for student exchange.

A grand view of the university gates

A grand view of the university gates

What is the vision of the universities in the long run to attract more foreign students? Is making English the medium of instruction going to be one of them?

In this regard, we have established an International Centre for Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers. Undergraduate students are strongly encouraged to undergo a three- to six-month Persian language learning programme before they start their study. However, for graduates, many of our scientists are well-familiar with English as a second language and there is no problem in communicating with foreign students. We are also trying to offer some courses in English as well as the possibility of writing the dissertation, too, in English for international post-graduate students.

Mashhad is also known as “Iran’s spiritual capital”. How does the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, named after the laureate of Persian literature, poet Ferdowsi, serve to keep that link alive in its everyday life?

On one hand, Persian literature is mixed with spirituality and, on the other, Islam accords importance to science and literature. The faculty of theology and the faculty of literature at FUM are among the top and the most famous faculties in Iran. Furthermore, families nationally and internationally select Mashhad due to this advantage for their children to study.

Culturally, how is the everyday life of a student coming from a country like India different in Iran?

Iranian hospitality is world-famous and all the students from around the world take back good memories from their stay in Iran. High living standards, cleanliness, welfare and safety besides plenty of customs and cultures are the highlights of life in Iran. Visiting places of historical value is another.

Students attend lessons on the university campus

How do you keep in touch with your foreign students after they graduate? The fee that they pay would be higher than that for a local student, how is your alumni program’s outreach for a foreign student?

FUM is establishing an alumni association in which communication among graduates and university and other programs are planned. The tuition fees are competitive and there is hardly any difference in the fee structure between self-financed Iranian students and the international students.

Iranian economy is at present at an all time high; the sanctions have been lifted and the overall approach is more business-oriented. How come the assistance that the Iranian government used to give to its own students to study in India has now trickled to a minimum? What is the reason behind it?

After the lifting of sanctions, the Iranian government has envisaged many development programmes in various sectors. Supporting students to study at top universities all over the world will be one of the development programs. At the moment we have more than 4,000 Iranian students studying in various Indian universities. The main reason for reduction in this number is the increasing availability of seats in domestic universities. Some other factors to be considered are living expenses, student visa, and the time-consuming procedure for getting admission abroad.

The School of Architecture at the University of Tehran and the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran impart a few of the-best rated courses in their said fields. How important is it for a foreign student to know Persian to pursue these courses and does lack of that knowledge deter them from joining?

We encourage all applicants to learn Persian before starting their main courses so that they are able to communicate with people in the society, particularly those who are interested in pursuing Islamic architecture. However, universities are ready to offer courses in English if the number of foreign students is considerable. As I said earlier, for graduate students who are taking fewer subjects and are fewer in number in each course, teaching in English is more feasible. Now our faculty of architecture has ranked fourth amongst Iranian architecture faculties and we invite Indian applicants to pursue their studies in FUM.

Courses in entrepreneurship seem to be the next big thing in Iran. Tell us more about these courses and why students are attracted to them.

Today, universities are trying to provide courses and facilities to students to help them learn skills and gain experience, so that they can enter the job market upon completion of the study. FUM centres for entrepreneurship, incubator and innovation centres are in the chain for doing this mission, but still we are very far from the goals that we have aimed for.

You spent more than three years in India as the scientific counsellor at the Iranian Embassy in New Delhi and travelled extensively to the rest of India. What is your fondest memory of India?

India is a great country and there is always something for everybody that attracts and appeals to them. For me, India has plenty to offer, like its deep sense of culture in everyday life, neutrality, respect to elders and family, and simplicity of living.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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Bangladeshi singer James’ concert cancelled after mob attack in Faridpur

A live concert by Bangladeshi singer James was cancelled in Faridpur after a mob allegedly attacked the venue with bricks and stones, raising concerns over safety of artists.

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Bangladesh singer concert

A concert by popular Bangladeshi singer James was cancelled in Faridpur, around 120 kilometres from Dhaka, after a mob allegedly threw bricks and stones at the venue, forcing local authorities to call off the event.

According to local reports, the concert was scheduled for 9 pm on Friday to mark the anniversary of a local school. A group of attackers attempted to forcibly enter the venue and began pelting stones, creating panic among the audience. Locals said students present at the site initially tried to resist the attackers, but the situation escalated, prompting authorities to cancel the programme.

Taslima Nasreen raises concern over attacks on culture

Author Taslima Nasreen highlighted the incident on social media, expressing concern over what she described as a growing pattern of attacks on artists and cultural spaces in Bangladesh. In her post, she referred to earlier incidents involving cultural institutions and said that the singer was not allowed to perform due to the actions of radical elements.

Nasreen also cited recent instances involving classical musicians. She mentioned that Siraj Ali Khan, grandson of renowned musician Ali Akbar Khan and a noted artist of the Maihar gharana, returned to India without performing in Dhaka, stating he would not return until artists and cultural institutions were safe. She further said that Arman Khan, son of Ustad Rashid Khan, had also declined an invitation to perform in Dhaka.

James’ popularity and wider concerns

James, a well-known Bangladeshi singer-songwriter, guitarist and composer, is the lead vocalist of the rock band Nagar Baul. He has also sung popular Hindi film songs such as Bheegi Bheegi from Gangster and Alvida from Life In A Metro, making him a familiar name across the region.

The cancellation of his concert has drawn attention to recent attacks on cultural organisations, artists and journalists in Bangladesh. Critics have alleged that the interim administration has failed to rein in violent mobs, amid claims that such incidents are contributing to a deteriorating law-and-order situation ahead of elections scheduled in February.

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India flags attacks on Hindus in Bangladesh as worrisome after recent lynchings

India has reacted sharply to recent lynchings of Hindu men in Bangladesh, calling the attacks on minorities worrisome and urging that those responsible be brought to justice.

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Randhir Jaiswal

India has expressed strong concern over a series of violent incidents targeting members of minority communities in Bangladesh, following the lynching of two Hindu men in separate incidents. The Ministry of External Affairs said such attacks are “worrisome” and cannot be ignored, stressing that those responsible must be held accountable.

Speaking on Friday, External Affairs Ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said New Delhi has taken serious note of the developments across the border and is closely monitoring the law and order situation. He underlined that continued violence against minorities, including Hindus, Christians and Buddhists, remains a matter of grave concern for India.

“The unremitting hostility against minorities in Bangladesh at the hands of extremists is deeply troubling,” Jaiswal said, while condemning the recent killing of a Hindu youth in Mymensingh. He added that incidents of violence cannot be dismissed as exaggeration and expressed hope that perpetrators would be identified and punished.

According to the ministry, over 2,900 incidents of violence against minorities — including killings, arson and land-related crimes — have been documented by independent sources during the tenure of Bangladesh’s interim government. These developments, India said, cannot be brushed aside.

Rajbari killing under investigation

The latest incident took place on Wednesday in Pangsha upazila of Rajbari district, around 145 km west of Dhaka. As per police accounts quoted by media, the victim, identified as Amrit Mondal, was beaten to death by local residents following allegations of extortion.

Police said Mondal was suspected of leading a criminal gang and had allegedly attempted to extort money from a local resident along with his associates. Locals confronted the group and assaulted Mondal, leaving him critically injured. He was later taken to a hospital, where doctors declared him dead in the early hours of the morning.

Mondal’s body was sent to Rajbari Sadar Hospital for post-mortem examination. While most of his alleged associates fled, police said one person was arrested and firearms were recovered. Investigators also noted that Mondal had multiple criminal cases registered against him, including a murder case.

Lynching in Mymensingh sparks outrage

The Rajbari incident came days after another Hindu man was lynched in Mymensingh, triggering widespread outrage. The victim, identified as Dipu Das, also referred to as Dipu Chandra Das, was a factory worker in the city, located about 112 km north of Dhaka.

According to police and local reports, Das was attacked by a mob over allegations of blasphemy. He was first beaten outside a factory and later hanged from a tree. After the killing, his body was left along the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway and set on fire, leading to traffic disruption. Videos of the incident circulated widely on social media, fuelling anger and concern.

Interim government responds

Bangladesh’s interim government, led by Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus, condemned the killing and said it does not support illegal activities, mob violence or mass beatings. At the same time, it maintained that the Rajbari incident was not communal in nature, describing it as a violent episode linked to alleged extortion and criminal activities. The administration said legal action would be taken against all those directly or indirectly involved.

India, however, reiterated that violence against minorities is a serious issue and called for effective action to ensure justice and safety for vulnerable communities.

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Khaleda son Tarique Rahman arrives to rapturous welcome in Bangladesh

Tarique Rahman returned to Bangladesh after 17 years and, in his first speech, invoked Martin Luther King while outlining what he called a plan for the country’s future.

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Khalida Zia son

Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) acting chairman Tarique Rahman, who returned to Bangladesh on Thursday after 17 years in exile, outlined his political vision in his first public address, drawing a comparison with American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous “I have a dream” speech.

Addressing a massive gathering in Dhaka, Rahman said that just as Martin Luther King spoke of a dream, he wished to speak of a concrete plan for Bangladesh. He referred to the country as “Beloved Bangladesh” and thanked party leaders, workers and citizens who stood by the BNP during his absence.

Rahman, the son of former President Ziaur Rahman and former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, said that his plan would succeed only with public support and urged citizens to participate actively in nation-building.

Parallels drawn with 1971 and 2024 movements

In his speech, Rahman linked the 1971 Liberation War with the 2024 uprising against the government of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He said those who lost their lives in these movements should be honoured by building the country they had envisioned.

“We liberated Bangladesh in 1971, and we liberated it again in 2024,” he said, adding that the events of 2024 were about defending the country’s independence and sovereignty. He stressed the need to “repay the blood debt of the martyrs” through responsible governance.

Emphasis on tolerance, safety and economic rights

Touching upon Bangladesh’s social fabric, Rahman said the country belongs to everyone, irrespective of religion or geography, and underlined the importance of tolerance. He spoke about creating a safe environment where women, men and children can move freely without fear.

He also said the BNP would focus on peace, political reform and strengthening the economy. Referring to student leader Sharif Osman Hadi, Rahman said he had dreamt of a democratic Bangladesh and promised justice in connection with his killing, along with restoring people’s economic rights.

Call to youth and visit to Khaleda Zia

Rahman called upon the younger generation to take responsibility for development and stability, stressing that collective effort would be crucial to implementing his plan for Bangladesh.

After the address, he left to visit his ailing mother, Khaleda Zia, who is undergoing treatment at Evercare Hospital.

Rahman has been living in exile since 2008 following convictions in multiple corruption cases, which he has described as politically motivated. He has also alleged that the previous government attempted to assassinate him through torture.

With the Awami League barred from contesting elections, the political landscape has narrowed significantly. The BNP now holds a dominant position, and Rahman’s return has added fresh momentum and uncertainty to Bangladesh’s political future.

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