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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the fundamental legislation of the country and is regarded as the foundation of democracy in our country. The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

Indian Constitution is an umbrella of rights that gives the citizens of the country an assurance of free and fair societies.

On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India and it was 26 November 1949 when the Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution.

Indian Constitution adopts various features from the Constitutions of many countries and this is the reason it is known as the bag of borrowings or borrowed documents. Despite borrowed documents, it contains all the structure, functioning and working of the Government of India.

Here we present you with the features of the Indian Constitution that are borrowed from other nations.

Source/CountryProvisions
Constitution of United States1. Preamble
2. Fundamental Rights
3. Federal structure of government
4. Electoral College
5. Independence of the judiciary and separation of powers
among the three branches of the government
6. Judicial review
7. President as Supreme Commander of Armed Forces
8. Equal protection under law
Irish Constitution (Ireland)1. Directive Principles of State Policy
2. Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha
3. Method of Election of President
Australian Constitution1. Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states
2. Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal Federal jurisdiction
3. Concurrent List
British Constitution1. Parliamentary form of government
2. The idea of single citizenship
3. The idea of the Rule of law
4. Writs
5. Institution of Speaker and his role
6. Lawmaking procedure
7. Procedure established by Law
Canadian Constitution1. A quasi-federal form of government — a federal system with a strong central government
2. Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments
3. Residual powers retained by the central government
French Constitution 1. Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble
Constitution of
Soviet Union (USSR)
1. Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A
2. A Constitutionally mandated Planning Commission to oversee the development of the economy
Constitution of
Japan
1. Procedure Established by Law
Constitution of
South Africa
1. Procedure for amendment
2. Election of Rajya Sabha members
Constitution of
Germany
1. Emergency powers to be enjoyed by the Union
2. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency
Constitution of
Russia
1. Fundamental Duties
2. Idea of Social, Economic, and Political Justice in Preamble
Government of
India Act 1935
1. Federal Scheme
2. Emergency Provisions
3. Public Service Commissions
4. Office of Governor
5. Judiciary
6. Administrative Details
Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition

Is Indian Constitution a borrowed bag?

The Indian Constitution is a one-of-a-kind constitution that was designed over the course of three years by the constituent assembly. Even while some aspects of the Indian constitution are taken from other countries, it is incorrect to claim that it is a bag of borrowings. Read to know why!

Read Also: Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition on Samvidhan Diwas

  1. Even though various provisions are borrowed from other countries’ constitution but they are incorporated into the Indian Constitution to fit its political ideology and governance. They are not exactly copied.
  2. The Indian Constitution is the most extensive constitution in the world. The American Constitution includes only seven articles, the Australian Constitution has 128 articles, the Indian Constitution initially had 395 articles and has now extended to 448.
  3. The Indian Constitution is distinctive in both content and spirit.
  4. It is written with the historical perspective of Indian nationalist struggles in mind, as well as keeping the geographical variety of India in consideration. Its unique and distinctive attributes and aspects distinguish it apart from any other country.

India News

Abhishek Banerjee says will not bow to BJP after nearly 11 hours of ED questioning

After spending nearly 11 hours before the Enforcement Directorate, TMC leader Abhishek Banerjee said he would not bow to the BJP and accused the ruling party of using investigative agencies for political purposes.

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Abhishek Banerjee

Trinamool Congress leader and Diamond Harbour MP Abhishek Banerjee on Tuesday said he would not bow to the BJP after spending nearly 11 hours being questioned by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) in connection with an ongoing investigation.

Speaking after the questioning, Banerjee alleged that central agencies were being used to target opposition leaders and asserted that he would continue his political fight despite what he described as sustained pressure.

The TMC leader has repeatedly maintained that investigations involving him are politically motivated, a charge he has made on several previous occasions while appearing before central agencies.

His appearance before the ED comes amid a period of heightened political activity and multiple investigations involving leaders in West Bengal. Recent days have also seen Banerjee face summons and questioning in separate matters by state investigative agencies.

After leaving the ED office, Banerjee reiterated that he would not be intimidated and said he remained committed to his political responsibilities. He also accused the BJP of attempting to weaken opposition parties through investigative action, an allegation that the BJP has rejected in the past.

The Enforcement Directorate has not publicly commented on Banerjee’s remarks. The investigation related to the questioning remains ongoing.

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India News

DMK attacks Rahul Gandhi, accuses him of weakening opposition unity

DMK has intensified its criticism of Rahul Gandhi, alleging that the Congress leader’s actions have weakened opposition unity and strained relations within the INDIA bloc.

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Rahul-Gandhi

The war of words between the DMK and Congress has intensified, with the DMK launching a strong attack on Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi and accusing him of contributing to divisions within the opposition alliance. The criticism comes amid strained ties between the two parties following their political split in Tamil Nadu.

According to the DMK, Rahul Gandhi’s political approach has weakened unity among opposition parties. The party’s IT wing mocked the Congress leader on social media, while an editorial published in the DMK’s official mouthpiece Murasoli questioned his recent remarks on opposition solidarity.

DMK questions Rahul Gandhi’s remarks on opposition unity

In its editorial, Murasoli argued that Rahul Gandhi was speaking about opposition unity despite, according to the DMK, contributing to disagreements among alliance partners in several states. The publication cited criticism directed at Congress by various opposition parties and suggested that the party’s actions had often created tensions within the INDIA bloc.

The editorial also referred to past political disputes involving Congress and Left parties, particularly in Kerala, claiming such episodes had raised concerns among opposition allies about Congress’s approach toward its partners.

Tamil Nadu political fallout adds to tensions

The attack comes after a major political realignment in Tamil Nadu. Following the 2026 Assembly elections, Congress ended its alliance with the DMK and joined the government led by Vijay’s Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam (TVK). The move left the DMK in the opposition and significantly altered the political equation between the two former allies.

The DMK has alleged that Congress benefited from the alliance during the election and later abandoned its partner. The party’s editorial questioned whether assurances from Congress leadership would be trusted by alliance partners after the developments in Tamil Nadu.

Congress rejects allegations

Congress has not issued a detailed official response to the editorial, but party sources have rejected the allegations. According to the party, its decisions in Tamil Nadu were made in line with the mandate delivered by voters and were not intended to undermine either the DMK or the broader opposition alliance.

The latest exchange highlights growing strains between two key opposition parties even as leaders continue to stress cooperation on national issues. Just days earlier, Rahul Gandhi had said that the DMK remained aligned with the opposition on defending the “idea of India” despite political differences.

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Entertainment

Kumkum Bhagya actor Sanchita Ugale dies by suicide near Mumbai at 22

Television actor Sanchita Ugale, known for Kumkum Bhagya and Wagle Ki Duniya, died by suicide at her residence near Mumbai. Police have launched an investigation.

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Sanchita Ugale

Television actor Sanchita Ugale, known for her appearances in Kumkum Bhagya, Wagle Ki Duniya and Dilwali Dulha Le Jayegi, died by suicide at her residence in Nalasopara East near Mumbai on June 14. She was 22.

According to police officials, the incident took place at her home in Achole village, Nalasopara East. Authorities said Ugale had locked herself inside her bedroom and was later found hanging from a ceiling fan. Family members and local residents rushed her to a hospital, where doctors declared her dead.

Police have registered an Accidental Death Report (ADR) and launched an investigation into the circumstances surrounding her death. Officials said inquiries are underway and the exact reason behind the incident has not yet been established.

Career across television, OTT and films

Ugale had built a growing presence in the entertainment industry through television, streaming projects and films. Apart from Kumkum Bhagya and Wagle Ki Duniya, she played a lead role in Dilwali Dulha Le Jayegi. She also appeared in OTT projects such as Crime Aaj Kal and Silence 2.

The actor was also associated with the film Chhaava, which contributed to her growing recognition among audiences.

Last social media post draws attention

Following news of her death, social media users shared and commented on Ugale’s final Instagram post, which had been uploaded hours before the incident. The post showed the actor in traditional attire lip-syncing to a classic Bollywood song. Fans expressed shock and grief after learning of her death.

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