India has launched a firm diplomatic and strategic response against Pakistan following the devastating terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam that left 26 people dead, including a foreign national. Authorities have linked the attack to Pakistan-based group The Resistance Front, a proxy of the proscribed Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Major measures announced by India
A day after the attack, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), India’s highest decision-making body on national security, convened to assess the situation. Based on the investigation findings and identified “cross-border linkages,” a series of significant measures were unveiled:
Suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty: The treaty, signed in 1960 and brokered by the World Bank, has withstood multiple wars between India and Pakistan. India has now placed the agreement in abeyance, halting the flow of water from the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers to Pakistan. This move has the potential to severely impact water availability for millions in Pakistan.
SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme (SVES) visas cancelled: All SVES visas issued to Pakistani nationals have been revoked. Those currently in India under this scheme must leave within 48 hours. India will no longer issue such visas to Pakistani citizens.
Closure of Attari-Wagah border crossing: The Attari Integrated Check Post has been shut with immediate effect. Individuals already in India with valid endorsements can return to Pakistan via the same route only until 1 May 2025.
Reduction in diplomatic staff and withdrawal of defence advisors: Both countries will downsize their respective high commissions. India will reduce its personnel in Islamabad from 55 to 30. Defence officials, including naval and air advisers, have been declared persona non grata and must exit within a week.
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasized that these steps are intended to hold accountable not only the perpetrators but also those enabling terrorism. “The CCS resolved that justice will be pursued relentlessly,” Misri added, referencing the recent extradition of Tahawwur Rana as an example of India’s uncompromising stance.
Political and strategic context
Water Resources Minister CR Paatil lauded the decision to suspend the treaty, noting that such steps had been considered in the past, especially after incidents like the 2019 Pulwama attack. The treaty has long been viewed as a symbol of rare bilateral cooperation, but its suspension marks a dramatic shift, signaling India’s growing impatience with what it perceives as Pakistan’s continued use of terrorism as a state tool.
The move comes amid mounting warnings from water experts about Pakistan’s looming water crisis, driven by overpopulation, climate change, and mismanagement. The disruption in river flows from India could intensify that crisis, adding pressure on Islamabad.