An indigenously developed gene therapy for specific blood cancers has demonstrated a 73% response rate in clinical trials, offering new hope for patients in India. The findings, published in The Lancet Haematology, highlight the success of CAR T-cell therapy, which modifies a patient’s immune cells to combat cancer.
A breakthrough in cancer treatment
The therapy was developed through a collaboration between the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IIT-B) and Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. It has been designed to treat patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma, which often have poor outcomes due to limited treatment options.
Speaking on the impact of this therapy, Rahul Purwar, lead author and IIT-B professor, stated,
“The clinical trials of India’s first gene therapy for cancer offer hopes of another chance to live among these patients, that there is one more drug that doctors can try.”
Affordable alternative to global therapies
Unlike CAR T-cell therapies in developed nations, which cost between $373,000 to $475,000, the India-made injection ‘talicabtagene autoleucel’ is available for $30,000—making it significantly more affordable.
Developed over 11 years, the therapy was tested in two trial phases:
- Phase 1: Included 14 patients (18+ years) with B-cell lymphoma.
- Phase 2: Expanded to 50 patients (15+ years) with B-cell leukemia or lymphoma.
Among the 51 patients analyzed, the overall response rate was 73%, with two treatment-related deaths. Common side effects included neutropenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and anemia.
Future scope and clinical advancements
Dr. Hasmukh Jain, a medical oncology professor at Tata Memorial Hospital, emphasized the long-term benefits of CAR T-cells in preventing cancer relapse. He noted that new trials are underway to test the therapy in earlier settings and in combination with other immunotherapies at Tata Memorial Centre.