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SC allows the terminally ill or comatose people the right to die

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SC allows the terminally ill or comatose people the right to die

The Supreme Court has allowed passive euthanasia in the country.

In a unanimous order on Friday, March 9, a five judge Constitution bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Dipak Misra recognised “living will” and laid down guidelines for its execution.

The SC bench, also comprising Justices AK Sikri, AM Khanwilkar, DY Chandrachud and Ashok Bhushan, said that the guidelines will be in force till legislation on the same is passed by Parliament.

The judges, who wrote four separate judgments expressing their views, were unanimous on allowing passive euthanasia and advance directives.

A ‘living will’ is made by a person, in a healthy, normal state of mind, specifying – for a situation when he/she is no longer able to express informed consent – whether or not he/she be kept alive purely on an artificial life support system in case of terminal illness or when in an irreversible vegetative state.

An advance directive is a document that enables competent persons to exercise their right to direct medical treatments in the event that they lose their decision making capacity. American Medical Association says there are two categories of advance directives: (1) a living will, which indicates the types of treatment that an individual wishes to receive or forgo under specified circumstances, and (2) a durable power of attorney for health care, which designates a proxy to make treatment decisions.

Passive euthanasia entails withdrawing artificial life support causing the death of a person who is in a permanent vegetative state, with no chance of recovery.

The court said advance directives for terminally-ill patients could be issued and executed by the next friend or relatives of the person after which a medical board would consider it, reported news agency PTI.

The court’s ruling came on a petition seeking recognition of a living will so that an individual could exercise the right to refuse medical treatment at a terminally ill stage of life.

While the Centre was in agreement on the question of allowing passive euthanasia, it opposed the concept of living will. Additional solicitor general PS Narasimha, representing the centre, told the court that consent for removal of artificial support may not be an informed one and could be misused in cases of the elderly.

He added that the government had already accepted the apex court’s ruling in the landmark Aruna Shanbaug case on 11 March 2011, which held that a specific category of relatives could seek permission from the court to opt for passive euthanasia on behalf of the person in cases of a terminally ill patient.

The apex court had ruled that such a request would have to be vetted by a medical board on the basis of which the concerned high court would decide whether to permit withdrawal of life support system or not.

On January 15, 2016, the Centre had said the 241st report of the Law Commission stated that passive euthanasia should be allowed with certain safeguards and there was also a proposed law — Medical Treatment of Terminally Ill Patient (Protection of Patients and Medical Practitioners) Bill, 2006.

The fundamental right to a “meaningful existence” includes a person’s choice to die without suffering, the apex court held on Friday.

The CJI’s judgment said the heart of the matter is whether law permits the acceleration of death without suffering.

Chief Justice Dipak Misra spoke about how societal pressure and fear of criminal liability by relatives and medical doctors ultimately led to the suffering and the undignified death of the patient.

The court said it was time to dispense with such shared suffering and sense of guilt and face reality. Doctors who attend the terminally-ill are under pressure and dither in letting the patient go, apprehending criminal liability and fear of being drawn into the “vortex” of a possible family struggle for inheritance.

Chief Justice Misra, in a common judgment with Justice AM Khanwilkar, said it was time to “alleviate the agony of an individual” and stand by his right to a dignified passing. A dignified death should follow a meaningful existence, the five-judge Bench agreed in a unanimous voice.

The Chief Justice’s judgment includes specific guidelines to test the validity of a living will, by whom it should be certified, when and how it should come into effect, etc. The guidelines also cover a situation where there is no living will and how to approach a plea for passive euthanasia.

Justice AK Sikri, in his separate opinion, said though religion, morality, philosophy, law and society share equally strong and conflicting opinions about whether right to life includes right to death, they all agree that a person should die with dignity.

Hence, the court, Justice Sikri said, is rightly in favour of the right to die with dignity.

Justice Sikri said an advance directive or living will from a patient to stop medical treatment at a particular stage — “particularly when he is brain dead or clinically dead or not revivable” — quells apprehensions of future regret for relatives and criminal action against doctors.

In a separate opinion, Justice Chandrachud observed that modern medical science should balance its quest to prolong life with the need to provide patients quality of life. One is meaningless without the other, Justice Chandrachud observed.

Justice Chandrachud said, “Life and death are inseparable. Every moment our bodies undergo change… life is not disconnected from death. Dying is a part of the process of living.”

Justice Chandrachud said the issue of death and when to die transcends the boundaries of law, but the court has intervened because it also concerns the liberty and autonomy of the individual.

He read from his judgment that the sanctity of life includes the dignity and autonomy of the individual. He said the search for a meaningful existence, the pursuit of happiness includes the exercise of free will.

“Free will includes the right of a person to refuse medical treatment,” Justice Chandrachud observed.

A person need not give any reasons nor is he answerable to any authority on why he should write an advanced directive.

But the judge held that active euthanasia is unlawful.

For this reason, he said the reasons given by a two-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in the Aruna Shanbaug case allowing passive euthanasia are “flawed” as the convoluted procedure to get a go-ahead for passive euthanasia makes the dignity of a dying person dependent on the whims and will of third parties.

“To deprive a person dignity at the end of life is to deprive him of a meaningful existence,” Justice Chandrachud read from his opinion he shared with Justice Ashok Bhushan.

Other countries where euthanasia is permitted

While euthanasia is still illegal in most parts of the United States, the doctors are allowed to prescribe lethal doses of medicine to terminally ill patients in five state — Washington DC, California, Colorado, Oregon and Vermont. Oregon was the first US state to legalise “assisted suicide”.  Australia has a system of ‘advance directive’ to allow citizens to decide how they would like to be treated in future, if they are incompetent to make a decision at that point. Euthanasia, in varying forms, is permitted in Belgium, Canada, and Sweden.

India News

Maharashtra MLC Polls: MVA finalizes 15 seats, tussle remains over two key constituencies

The Maha Vikas Aghadi has ironed out differences across 15 Maharashtra Legislative Council seats, leaving Nashik and Nanded as the final points of contention between Congress and Shiv Sena (UBT).

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The Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) coalition, which includes Congress, Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray), and the Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar), has successfully reached a seat-sharing understanding for 15 out of 17 seats in the upcoming Maharashtra Legislative Council elections. While a major breakthrough has been achieved, the alliance is currently witnessing a stalemate over Nashik and Nanded, as multiple constituent partners assert their presence in these regions.

According to sources, the distribution plan was designed to prevent internal rifts by respecting the geographic and organizational strongholds of each party.

Congress secures maximum share of seats

Under the initial draft layout, Congress has come out as the largest stakeholder with seven seats in its quota. The party has been assigned constituencies across northern Maharashtra, western Maharashtra, and Vidarbha, where its ground-level network remains sturdy.

The locations likely allocated to Congress feature Solapur, Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Bhandara, Dharashiv, Amravati, and Ahilyanagar. To gear up for the electoral challenge, state party president Harshvardhan Sapkal has already designated senior leaders to observe and coordinate at the constituency level.

Five seats assigned to Uddhav Thackeray faction

The Uddhav Thackeray-led Shiv Sena (UBT) has been allotted five seats under the proposed arrangement, focusing its reach on the Konkan region and Marathwada. The seats projected for the party encompass Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Jalgaon, Hingoli, Raigad, and Parbhani.

Concurrently, the Sharad Pawar-led NCP faction is expected to field its candidates from three constituencies: Thane, Pune, and the joint Satara-Sangli seat. Even though Thane has been known as a core stronghold of the traditional Shiv Sena, evolving dynamics inside state politics led to this assignment during discussions.

Stalemate over two key constituencies

Despite finding common ground on most locations, Nashik and Nanded continue to be sources of disagreement. Media reports show that both Congress and Shiv Sena (UBT) want the Nashik seat, pointing to their local machinery. On the other hand, Nanded has traditionally stayed a bastion for Congress, but shifting political landscapes have led to claims from alliance partners too.

Leaders from the opposition have stressed that their core objective is to challenge the ruling Mahayuti coalition and prevent votes from splitting through friendly contests. Senior members are expected to hold more rounds of talks over the coming days to untangle the deadlock.

Ruling alliance formula takes shape

Sources close to the matter suggest that the ruling Mahayuti coalition has also neared completion of its election blueprint. Under their anticipated plan, the Ajit Pawar-led NCP faction might contest Pune and Raigad, whereas the Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena is tipped to take over Nashik, Thane, Parbhani, and Yavatmal. The remaining council seats are expected to be contested by the BJP.

Political experts are keeping a sharp watch on prospective inner rebellion inside the ruling camp, especially in regions like Nashik and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, where disgruntled figures might look to explore options alongside independent candidates.

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Auto

2026 Tata Tiago facelift launched in India at Rs 4.69 lakh with sharper design and segment-first features

Tata Motors has launched the 2026 Tiago facelift in India with prices starting at Rs 4.69 lakh (ex-showroom). The updated hatchback features a sharper exterior, dual-tone interiors, a 360-degree camera, and multiple powertrain options.

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Tata Motors has officially launched the 2026 Tiago facelift in India, introducing a comprehensive design overhaul, a heavily updated cabin, and a substantially longer feature list. The updated hatchback enters the market at a starting price of Rs 4.69 lakh (ex-showroom) and is being offered across six distinct variants, stretching up to Rs 8.55 lakh for the top-tier trim.

Sharper and edgier exterior design

Moving away from the familiar rounded contours of the outgoing model, the 2026 vehicle adopts a much sharper and edgier form language. The front fascia is headlined by sleek rectangular LED headlamps integrated with eyebrow-style LED daytime running lights (DRLs), giving the car a more modern and premium aesthetic. Media reports indicate that the traditional chrome strip across the grille has been removed to create a cleaner look.

The front bumper undergoes a complete redesign, featuring enlarged air intakes alongside pixel-style LED fog lamps nestled within prominent black surrounds. While the side profile retains the silhouette of its predecessor, the addition of black cladding around the wheel arches introduces a subtle, rugged touch. The hatchback is available in six unique body color options: Varanasi Vibrance, Pangong Pulse, Sobo Surge, Pristine White, Pure Gray, and Daytona Gray.

Revamped cabin and segment-first premium upgrades

Inside, the cabin receives significant alterations aimed at elevating the overall user experience. The older all-black layout is replaced by a sophisticated dual-tone light grey and black color theme that makes the interior space appear more airy and expansive. Gloss-black accents are applied generously across the center console, steering wheel, and door trims.

A major highlight inside the vehicle is the inclusion of a standalone, free-standing digital driver’s display, which replaces the older analogue instrument setup. Additionally, the center console features dual wireless phone chargers—making it a standout option within this vehicle segment.

Enhanced tech, comfort, and safety features

The updated hatchback comes equipped with a larger 10.25-inch touchscreen infotainment display that supports wireless Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Comfort and utility are enhanced via a chunky steering wheel with mounted cruise and audio controls, a 4-speaker sound system, automatic climate control, rear AC vents, Type-C charging ports, ambient lighting, and auto-folding outside rearview mirrors (ORVMs).

In terms of technology and safety, a major segment-first addition comes in the form of a 360-degree camera system utilizing cameras on the front bumper and ORVMs. This setup is further augmented by a blind view monitor. Standard safety equipment includes six airbags, electronic stability control (ESC), hill hold control, anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD), a tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS), rear parking sensors, and ISOFIX child seat anchorages.

Proven powertrain options

The mechanical performance of the vehicle continues to rely on its reliable engine configurations. Buyers can choose between a standard 1.2-litre naturally aspirated petrol motor generating 86 PS and 113 Nm of torque, or a bi-fuel petrol+CNG option producing 86 PS in petrol mode and 73.4 PS / 95 Nm when running on CNG. Transmission duties are handled by either a 5-speed manual gearbox or a 5-speed automated manual transmission (AMT), which is available across both the petrol and CNG variants.

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India News

Strong winds, rain bring relief from heatwave in Delhi-NCR as IMD forecasts more weather changes

Delhi-NCR witnesses relief from intense heatwave as rain, thunderstorms and strong winds lower temperatures, while IMD predicts more unstable weather ahead.

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Delhi weather update

Delhi-NCR has finally received a breather from the intense heatwave conditions, as strong winds, thunderstorms and intermittent rainfall swept across parts of the region. According to the weather department, the shift is linked to changing atmospheric conditions, with more unstable weather expected in the coming days.

Rain and thunderstorms ease severe heat conditions

Several parts of Delhi and adjoining NCR cities witnessed rain showers and dust storms, bringing a noticeable drop in temperature after days of scorching heat. Gusty winds accompanied the weather change, with some areas reporting wind speeds strong enough to disrupt daily movement and transport activity.

The sudden weather shift provided temporary relief to residents who had been facing extreme daytime temperatures hovering in the mid-40s Celsius during the peak of the heatwave spell.

IMD forecasts continued weather volatility

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has indicated that this relief may not be short-lived. A western disturbance and moisture incursion are expected to keep weather conditions unstable across northwest India, including Delhi-NCR.

Forecasts suggest the possibility of more thunderstorms, dust storms, and intermittent rainfall over the next few days. Some regions may also witness hailstorms and strong surface winds, indicating highly variable weather conditions.

Temperature likely to drop further

Meteorological updates suggest that maximum temperatures may gradually ease by a few degrees as rain and cloud cover persist. In some forecasts, a drop of around 2–3°C is expected, offering partial respite from the prolonged heatwave conditions.

However, officials have cautioned that heatwave-like conditions may still persist in short intervals, depending on local atmospheric shifts.

Advisory for residents

Authorities have advised residents to remain cautious during periods of thunderstorms and strong winds, as these conditions can lead to reduced visibility, traffic disruptions, and temporary power fluctuations.

People have been urged to stay updated with official weather alerts, avoid unnecessary travel during intense storm activity, and take precautions against lightning and gusty winds.

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