In a dramatic escalation of hostilities, Israel launched a large-scale aerial operation—termed Operation Rising Lion—early Friday morning, targeting Iran’s key nuclear and military infrastructure. The Israeli Air Force reportedly deployed dozens of jets in a sweeping attack that struck multiple high-value locations, most notably Iran’s uranium enrichment site at Natanz, where billowing black smoke was seen in the aftermath.
Iran later confirmed through state television that Major General Hossein Salami, the head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), was killed in what it described as a “direct assassination” by Israeli forces. Salami was considered the chief architect of Iran’s proxy military engagements across the region. His death, alongside a senior IRGC commander and two nuclear scientists, prompted Tehran to announce a state of national mourning.
Direct hit on Iran’s nuclear heartland: Natanz
The Natanz enrichment complex, spanning over 100,000 square metres in Isfahan province, was the primary target of the Israeli assault. The site, partially buried beneath desert terrain, houses thousands of centrifuges central to Iran’s uranium enrichment programme. Early visuals released briefly by Iranian state media showed fires near the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant (PFEP), with potential structural damage even to the more protected Fuel Enrichment Plant (FEP) located underground.
Security analysts suggest that even surface-level damage at Natanz could significantly disrupt Iran’s most fortified nuclear activities. The strike marks Israel’s most direct physical action against Iran’s nuclear assets since the historic Stuxnet cyberattack.
Iran’s nuclear network: Fordow, Isfahan, Khondab and more
Aside from Natanz, several other nuclear installations were reportedly impacted:
- Fordow, south of Tehran, is Iran’s most fortified site, hidden deep inside a mountain. The site houses advanced IR-6 centrifuges, enriching uranium up to 60% purity. U.S. intelligence noted that Iran had doubled its centrifuge count here in 2024.
- Isfahan, home to the Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF), processes raw yellowcake uranium into gaseous uranium hexafluoride for enrichment.
- Khondab, formerly the Arak Heavy Water Reactor, holds potential for plutonium production. Although halted under the JCPOA, its strategic relevance remains.
- The Tehran Research Reactor and the Bushehr civilian power plant were not directly reported as targets, but their strategic roles in training and energy highlight the broader nuclear landscape under scrutiny.
Tehran reels under shock, prepares for retaliation
In the capital, Tehran residents awoke to explosions and sirens, with smoke seen rising from the western Chitgar district. Iran soon closed its airspace, while Israel imposed a full airspace lockdown, anticipating retaliatory missile or drone attacks.
Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz acknowledged the strikes, calling them preemptive and warning of imminent retaliation from Iran.
This development comes amid increasing concerns over Iran’s “breakout time”—the period needed to enrich uranium to weapons-grade. Recent estimates suggest that this duration has dropped to mere weeks, down from over a year under the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has assessed that Iran now possesses enough 60% enriched uranium that, if processed further to 90%, could yield materials for up to four nuclear warheads—a charge Tehran disputes, insisting its nuclear pursuits remain peaceful.