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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

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Constitution Day 2021: Why Constitution of India is called borrowed document? Is it right to call Indian Constitution bag of borrowing?

The Indian Constitution is the fundamental legislation of the country and is regarded as the foundation of democracy in our country. The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, with 448 articles divided into 25 sections, 12 schedules, 5 appendices, and 98 amendments.

Indian Constitution is an umbrella of rights that gives the citizens of the country an assurance of free and fair societies.

On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India and it was 26 November 1949 when the Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution.

Indian Constitution adopts various features from the Constitutions of many countries and this is the reason it is known as the bag of borrowings or borrowed documents. Despite borrowed documents, it contains all the structure, functioning and working of the Government of India.

Here we present you with the features of the Indian Constitution that are borrowed from other nations.

Source/CountryProvisions
Constitution of United States1. Preamble
2. Fundamental Rights
3. Federal structure of government
4. Electoral College
5. Independence of the judiciary and separation of powers
among the three branches of the government
6. Judicial review
7. President as Supreme Commander of Armed Forces
8. Equal protection under law
Irish Constitution (Ireland)1. Directive Principles of State Policy
2. Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha
3. Method of Election of President
Australian Constitution1. Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states
2. Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal Federal jurisdiction
3. Concurrent List
British Constitution1. Parliamentary form of government
2. The idea of single citizenship
3. The idea of the Rule of law
4. Writs
5. Institution of Speaker and his role
6. Lawmaking procedure
7. Procedure established by Law
Canadian Constitution1. A quasi-federal form of government — a federal system with a strong central government
2. Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments
3. Residual powers retained by the central government
French Constitution 1. Republic and the ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity in the Preamble
Constitution of
Soviet Union (USSR)
1. Fundamental Duties under Article 51-A
2. A Constitutionally mandated Planning Commission to oversee the development of the economy
Constitution of
Japan
1. Procedure Established by Law
Constitution of
South Africa
1. Procedure for amendment
2. Election of Rajya Sabha members
Constitution of
Germany
1. Emergency powers to be enjoyed by the Union
2. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency
Constitution of
Russia
1. Fundamental Duties
2. Idea of Social, Economic, and Political Justice in Preamble
Government of
India Act 1935
1. Federal Scheme
2. Emergency Provisions
3. Public Service Commissions
4. Office of Governor
5. Judiciary
6. Administrative Details
Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition

Is Indian Constitution a borrowed bag?

The Indian Constitution is a one-of-a-kind constitution that was designed over the course of three years by the constituent assembly. Even while some aspects of the Indian constitution are taken from other countries, it is incorrect to claim that it is a bag of borrowings. Read to know why!

Read Also: Constitution Day 2021: Here are short essays that can make you win competition on Samvidhan Diwas

  1. Even though various provisions are borrowed from other countries’ constitution but they are incorporated into the Indian Constitution to fit its political ideology and governance. They are not exactly copied.
  2. The Indian Constitution is the most extensive constitution in the world. The American Constitution includes only seven articles, the Australian Constitution has 128 articles, the Indian Constitution initially had 395 articles and has now extended to 448.
  3. The Indian Constitution is distinctive in both content and spirit.
  4. It is written with the historical perspective of Indian nationalist struggles in mind, as well as keeping the geographical variety of India in consideration. Its unique and distinctive attributes and aspects distinguish it apart from any other country.

India News

CBSE denies OSM portal data breach, terms online allegations misleading

CBSE has strongly dismissed social media allegations of a security breach in its On-Screen Marking (OSM) portal, clarifying that the exposed URL is a mere testing site containing no actual student data or exam marks.

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CBSE

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has refuted viral claims circulating on social media regarding a security breach in its On-Screen Marking (OSM) portal. In an official statement, the national education board dismissed the allegations, labeling them completely false and highly misleading.

The clarification comes after social media posts suggested that sensitive student records and internal assessment systems had been compromised by unauthorised actors. Media reports indicate that the board has categorically denied any leak of actual student marks or examination-related details.

Testing site hosted no real student details

According to the statement released by the board, the web address highlighted in the viral allegations belongs strictly to a testing environment. The board clarified that this URL is utilized purely for internal evaluations, data sampling, and platform reviews during development phases.

The board firmly reiterated that no live student details, official scoreboards, or active examination data are stored on this testing site. Authorities have advised stakeholders and students to refrain from panic and avoid circulating unverified rumors that challenge the integrity of the examination system.

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India News

Congress Dismisses Karnataka Leadership Transition Rumors After Six-Hour Delhi Meet

The Congress party has rejected ongoing rumors regarding a leadership change or a rotating Chief Minister formula in Karnataka, stating that a recent six-hour meeting in Delhi focused strictly on the upcoming Rajya Sabha and MLC elections.

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The Congress party has strongly downplayed the intense political buzz surrounding a potential leadership transition or a change in the Chief Minister’s post in Karnataka. Following a marathon six-hour meeting with the state’s top leadership in New Delhi, the party explicitly rejected the ongoing speculation, labeling it as having “no reality.”

A brief statement issued to the media after the high-level meeting advised against spreading rumors, clarifying that the discussions were entirely centered on upcoming electoral strategies rather than structural changes within the state government. The party stated that the deliberations solely revolved around the state’s three vacant Rajya Sabha seats and the upcoming Member of Legislative Council (MLC) elections.

Rajya Sabha and MLC Polls Take Center Stage

The high-stakes meeting was attended by Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, senior leader Rahul Gandhi, and party General Secretary KC Venugopal, alongside Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah and Deputy Chief Minister DK Shivakumar.

Briefing the media post-meeting, KC Venugopal stated that conversations were strictly confined to the Rajya Sabha and MLC elections, emphasizing that there is no truth to any other political speculation. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah also confirmed that the agenda of a potential cabinet expansion or a leadership shift did not come up during the six-hour-long discussion.

Background of the Power Struggle

The question of leadership in Karnataka has remained a recurring theme for over a year. Supporters of Deputy Chief Minister DK Shivakumar have consistently maintained that the central leadership promised a rotating Chief Ministership arrangement when the government was formed after the 2023 assembly elections.

Speculation had intensified recently as the ruling government faced local anti-incumbency pressures alongside renewed political activity from the opposition bench. Some internal reports had even indicated a push from within certain sections of the high command, including Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, for a leadership revamp.

Balancing Caste Equations and Party Structure

The central leadership has navigated the situation cautiously to maintain political stability. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, 80, commands a powerful “Ahinda” support base—a coalition comprising minority communities, backward classes, and Dalits. This social alliance was crucial in helping the party navigate the traditional Vokkaliga and Lingayat caste dynamics during the 2023 elections.

Although the rotation issue had previously gained significant momentum when the government completed two years in office, the party high command had chosen to maintain the status quo to avoid any adverse electoral impact in neighboring assembly elections, such as in Tamil Nadu. With those elections concluded, supporters of the 64-year-old Deputy Chief Minister had expressed optimism for a transition. Shivakumar currently holds the dual responsibility of being the Deputy Chief Minister as well as the state Congress chief, signaling his critical organizational value to the party. However, for the time being, the party high command has firmly signaled that the current leadership structure will remain unchanged.

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Cricket news

Bowlers may hold the key in high-stakes IPL 2026 Qualifier 1 at Dharamsala

Although the media build-up centers on the batting heavyweight clash between Virat Kohli and Shubman Gill, the IPL 2026 Qualifier 1 in Dharamsala is set to be decided by the bowling consistency of Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Mohammed Siraj.

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Flat pitches, towering sixes, and relentless run-scoring have defined the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2026 so far. However, when Gujarat Titans (GT) and Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) lock horns in Qualifier 1 at the Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association (HPCA) Stadium in Dharamsala, the contest could ultimately hinge on the bowlers.

The HPCA Stadium has proved to be unforgiving for bowlers due to its short boundaries. A teaser of what could unfold was evident during recent net sessions, where Gujarat Titans’ Jos Buttler and Royal Challengers Bengaluru’s Tim David regularly launched monstrous hits out of the stadium. In the three matches played at this venue this season, teams crossed the 200-run mark five times, with the lowest score being 199/8. An average of nearly 25 maximums per match has been hit here, promising another potential run-fest.

Moving past the Kohli vs Gill narrative

While media attention focuses on the iconic battle between the ‘King’ Virat Kohli and the ‘Prince’ Shubman Gill—hailed as the heir to Indian cricket’s batting legacy—the true deciding factor might lie elsewhere. Both batters look in pristine touch. Gill occupies the second spot in the Orange Cap race with 616 runs from 13 matches, trailing behind his opening partner Sai Sudharsan. Meanwhile, Kohli has bounced back from a brief mid-tournament slump by smashing a sparkling century, taking his tally to 557 runs this season.

Despite the incredible batting firepower on display, the bowling units are expected to dictate which team blinks last. Media interactions with team managements highlighted that consistency and self-belief within the respective bowling departments have been the defining traits of both squads this season.

Powerplay battles to decide the finalist

For RCB, veteran pacer Bhuvneshwar Kumar leads the charge alongside Kagiso Rabada for GT, with both spearheads locked as the joint-highest wicket-takers across the two sides at 24 wickets each. Bhuvneshwar holds a slight edge due to a superior economy rate. Close behind them is GT’s Mohammed Siraj, who has taken 17 wickets so far. With supporting acts like Josh Hazlewood, Jason Holder, Prasidh Krishna, Rasikh Salam Dar, and spinners Rashid Khan and Krunal Pandya in the mix, the match promises an intriguing tactical battle.

Gujarat Titans’ assistant coach Vijay Dahiya acknowledged that negotiating Bhuvneshwar Kumar in the powerplay will be a massive task, but reminded that GT possesses equal firepower in Siraj and Rabada. “If you talk about the powerplay, our numbers are among the best in this tournament,” Dahiya stated.

RCB captain Rajat Patidar echoed similar views, placing immense faith in his bowling attack to stop GT’s prolific opening duo of Gill and Sudharsan. “Our strength is bowling. The way we bowl in the powerplay will be very crucial. We’ll look for early wickets and that is what we have done throughout the tournament,” Patidar remarked.

In a tournament dominated by towering batting displays, the team whose bowling unit holds its nerve under the Dharamsala lights will seal a direct spot in the IPL final.

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