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Navratri 2022: A look at the nine forms of Goddess Durga and the stories behind them

According to legends Durga battled Mahishasura for nine straight days and was able to defeat him on the night of the 9th day. The tenth day is what came to be known and celebrated as Vijayadashami.

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With Shardiya Navratri being around the corner, many might have questions about goddess Durga and her different reincarnations being celebrated during the time of Shardiya Navratri. According to legends and manuscripts, Goddess Durga, during her battle with the demon Mahishasura, took avatars each day to fight and triumph over Mahishasura, those avatars came to be known as her nine avatars.

According to legends, Durga battled demon Mahishasura for nine straight days and was able to defeat him on the night of the 9th day. The tenth day is what came to be known and celebrated as Vijayadashami. Goddess Durga, because of her nine forms is also known as Navdurga and her 9 avatars are Shailaputir, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushamanda, Skandamata, Katyayni, Kalartri, Mahagauri, Siddhatri.

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Goddess Shailaputri

Maa Shailaputri is celebrated on the first day of Shardiya Navratri and is the first avatar of Goddess Durga. The depiction of Goddess Durga’s Shailaputri avatar is depicted with a Trishul in one hand and a lotus in the other hand. Goddess Shailaputri’s Vahan or ride is a bull known as Nandi. Goddess Parvati got her name as Shail, which in Sanskrit means mountain, as she was the daughter of Himalaya according to manuscripts.

Goddess Brahmacharini

Goddess Brahmacharini, who is celebrated on the second day of Shardiya Navratri, is depicted barefoot and holding a Rudraksha Mala in one hand and Kamadalu in the other. The Brahmacharini avatar is a state which represents the Parvati in the state of deep meditation to gratify lord Shiva.

Goddess Chandraghanta

The third day is devoted to the worship of Goddess Chandraghanta. The goddess got her name as she, in the Chandraghanta avatar, is depicted with 10-arms with a crescent moon on her forehead, hence the name. The Vahan or the ride for Chandraghanta is the tiger.

Goddess Kushmanda

Goddess Kushamanda is celebrated on the fourth day of Shardiya Navratri which is known as the Chaturthi. Goddess Kushamanda attained her name as her name means the creator of the Universe. The goddess is depicted with eight hands, six of which hold discus, mace, lotus, bow, and arrow on one side, and on the other side, she bears a sword, rosary, a jar of honey, and a waterpot. Goddess Kushmanda’s Vahan or ride is a lion.

Goddess Skandamata

Goddess Skandamata is worshipped on the fifth day or Panchami of the festival. Goddess Skandamata is depicted with four arms as two of her hands carry a lotus and on the other two, she carries Kamandalu and a bell. She can also be seen carrying a Skanda on her lap as her Vahan or ride is a lotus.

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Goddess Katyayni

Godess Katyayni is worshipped on the sixth day of the Navratri festival. Katyayni also known as the warrior goddess is the most violent form of goddess Parvati. She is depicted with a sword and rides a lion.

Goddess Kaalratri

On the seventh day or Saptami of Navratri, the devotees worship goddess Parvati’s form of Kaalratri. According to legends, Kaalratri sacrificed her skin and embraced a pigmented color to kill the demon Mahishasura. She is depicted as a four-armed deity, carrying a sword, a trident, and a noose. She also has a third eye on her forehead. Goddess Kaalratri’s Vahan or ride is a donkey.

Goddess Mahagauri

Goddess Mahargauri is worshipped on the eighth day or Durga Asthami of the festival. The portrayal of goddess Durga is shown to have four arms in which she carries a Trishul, Damru.
The goddess’s Vahan of choice is either a bull or a white elephant.

Goddess Siddhidatri

On the final day of Navratri, goddess Sidhhidhatri is worshipped. The depiction of Goddess Siddhidatri is shown as her having four arms in which she holds a mace, discus, book, and a lotus. The last form of Goddess Parvati symbolizes perfection.

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Raghav Chadha marked as shifted in Punjab draft voter rolls, alleges AAP vendetta

Raghav Chadha has alleged political vendetta after his name was marked “shifted” in Punjab’s draft electoral rolls during the SIR exercise.

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Raghav Chadha

BJP Rajya Sabha MP Raghav Chadha has raised questions after his name was marked as “shifted” in Punjab’s draft electoral rolls prepared during the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of voter lists.

Chadha, who remains a Rajya Sabha member from Punjab and has his voter registration in Mohali, alleged that the classification was not a routine clerical error and accused the Aam Aadmi Party-led Punjab government of political vendetta.

The electoral rolls currently under discussion are draft lists, with the final rolls scheduled to be published in October 2026.

Raghav Chadha questions voter list classification

Chadha said he was surprised to find his name classified as “shifted” despite being a sitting MP from Punjab.

He questioned how such a classification was made and pointed to the involvement of officials at different stages of the electoral roll revision process. According to Chadha, Booth Level Officers, Assistant Electoral Registration Officers, Electoral Registration Officers and District Election Officers are part of the process.

He alleged that these officials could potentially face political pressure because their transfers and postings are controlled by the state government.

Chadha also referred to Paragraph 4(d) of the Election Commission of India’s SIR guidelines. He said the provision requires public representatives, including MPs and MLAs, whose names are flagged in the electoral database to be included in the draft rolls so that they can participate in the claims and objections process.

He alleged that this provision was not followed in his case.

Punjab CEO seeks report on Chadha’s voter status

Punjab Chief Electoral Officer Anindita Mitra told that she was not aware of any deletion of Chadha’s name from the electoral rolls.

She said a detailed report would be sought from the district election authorities to determine whether his name had actually been deleted and, if so, the reason for the action.

Mitra also pointed out that the claims and objections process is currently underway. September 13 is the deadline for filing appeals over changes or discrepancies in the electoral rolls.

AAP rejects political vendetta allegation

The controversy has also drawn a response from the Aam Aadmi Party.

AAP leader Neel Garg rejected Chadha’s allegation, saying the party had no interest in deleting the vote of any individual. He instead alleged that the issue was being raised by the BJP and referred to the SIR exercises in Bihar and West Bengal.

Chadha joined the BJP in April 2026 along with six other AAP Rajya Sabha MPs.

The dispute comes as Punjab’s electoral rolls undergo revision ahead of the 2027 Assembly elections. Since the claims and objections process is still open, the status of Chadha’s name is subject to the ongoing electoral process.

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SBI defends 7.8% GDP growth, explains controversy over revised data

SBI has defended India’s 7.8% GDP growth for April-June 2026-27, saying comparisons with unrevised figures from the old GDP series are incorrect.

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State Bank of India researchers have pushed back against questions surrounding India’s latest GDP growth figures, arguing that comparisons based on figures from the old GDP series have created an incorrect picture of economic growth.

India recorded 7.8% GDP growth in the April-June quarter of 2026-27, according to the latest data released on August 31. The figure has prompted debate over the impact of the change in the GDP base year and the subsequent revision of earlier figures.

SBI explains the GDP data revision

Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Group Chief Economic Adviser at SBI and a member of the 16th Finance Commission, said the latest figures need to be assessed using the revised GDP series.

According to Ghosh, the National Statistical Office had used 2011-12 as the GDP base year when it released figures for the April-June quarter of 2025-26 last year. At that time, nominal GDP for the quarter was reported at around Rs 86.1 lakh crore.

Following the introduction of the new GDP series with 2022-23 as the base year, the corresponding figure for the previous year was revised to around Rs 80.4 lakh crore.

The latest nominal GDP for the April-June quarter of 2026-27 stands at Rs 88.3 lakh crore, which forms the basis for the reported 7.8% growth rate.

SBI economist rejects 2.6% growth interpretation

Ghosh said some estimates had arrived at a growth rate of around 2.6% by comparing the latest nominal GDP figure of Rs 88.3 lakh crore with the earlier, unrevised figure of Rs 86.1 lakh crore.

He described this comparison as inappropriate and said the latest figure should instead be compared with the revised figure for the corresponding quarter under the new GDP series.

SBI’s research also argued that GDP revisions are a normal part of the statistical process and are made to incorporate newer information and factors into the estimates.

GDP revisions can move in both directions

Ghosh said revisions to GDP data are not necessarily downward. According to him, historical quarterly data show that revisions can occur in both upward and downward directions, although they have mostly been upward.

He also cited an earlier revision in which GDP growth under the old series was initially estimated at 9.2% before being revised to 7.2%.

Ghosh said GDP figures should be examined carefully and rigorously rather than being rejected simply because the revised numbers differ from earlier estimates.

The SBI research comes amid questions raised by former Reserve Bank of India governor Raghuram Rajan, former finance secretary Subhash Chandra Garg and some Congress leaders over the latest GDP numbers.

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Piyush Goyal defends 7.8% GDP growth, hits back at critics

Piyush Goyal defended India’s 7.8% GDP growth and criticised those questioning the latest economic data.

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Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal has defended India’s 7.8 per cent GDP growth recorded in the April-June 2026 quarter, hitting out at those questioning the credibility of the latest economic data.

Speaking at the annual session of the Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA) in Delhi on Wednesday, Mr Goyal said critics were comparing figures from different GDP series and accused them of misleading the public.

The minister said the base year had changed and argued that comparisons should be made using the same series.

Piyush Goyal Targets GDP Critics

Without naming them directly, Mr Goyal appeared to refer to former finance secretary Subhash Chandra Garg and former Reserve Bank of India governor Raghuram Rajan, both of whom have raised questions about the latest growth figures.

Mr Goyal said ministers do not manufacture GDP data and maintained that the figures reflected the truth. He also criticised what he described as a negative approach towards India’s economic performance.

He further took a swipe at critics questioning why strong economic growth had not translated into more jobs, saying they were “the only jobless people left” and suggesting that appearing on television panels was the only job they were pursuing.

Raghuram Rajan Questions Growth And Jobs

Former RBI governor Raghuram Rajan has expressed doubts over whether the latest growth numbers accurately reflect the state of the economy.

Rajan questioned whether the reported growth was real and pointed to what he described as discrepancies that needed attention. He also raised concerns about employment and investment.

He asked why, if the economy was growing at such a rapid pace, India was not generating more jobs, particularly better-quality jobs, and why investment was not picking up.

Subhash Chandra Garg Raises Base-Year Concerns

Former finance secretary Subhash Chandra Garg also questioned the headline 7.8 per cent growth figure.

Garg said the figure appeared impressive but needed to be examined in greater detail. He pointed to a revision in the previous year’s current-price GDP, saying it had been revised from Rs 86 trillion to Rs 80 trillion.

According to Garg, without that revision, growth in current prices would have been only 2.6 per cent.

The debate comes after India recorded 7.8 per cent GDP growth in the April-June quarter, with questions being raised over the methodology, revisions and the relationship between headline growth and job creation.

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