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India overtakes Japan, set to challenge Germany for third-largest economy

India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy and is on track to challenge Germany for the third spot within the next three years.

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India overtakes Japan, set to challenge Germany for third-largest economy

India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy, marking a significant milestone in its economic journey. According to the government’s end-of-year economic review, India’s nominal gross domestic product has reached $4.18 trillion, placing it behind only the United States, China and Germany.

While the official confirmation will come in 2026 with the release of final annual GDP figures, international data already points in this direction. Projections indicate that India is on track to consolidate its position ahead of Japan in the current year.

India’s global economic standing improves

International projections show India continuing its upward trajectory. Estimates for 2026 place India’s economy at $4.51 trillion, marginally ahead of Japan’s projected $4.46 trillion. This strengthens expectations that India has effectively moved into the fourth position globally.

The government has said India is now poised to overtake Germany to become the world’s third-largest economy within the next two-and-a-half to three years. The economic review projects India’s GDP to reach $7.3 trillion by 2030, supported by strong domestic demand and ongoing structural reforms.

India first entered the top five global economies in 2022, when its GDP surpassed that of Britain, according to international financial data.

Growth continues despite global uncertainties

The government’s assessment comes at a time of global economic uncertainty. In August, Washington imposed steep tariffs on New Delhi over its purchases of Russian oil, adding pressure on trade and currency markets.

Despite these challenges, the review highlighted India’s economic resilience, stating that growth has remained strong amid persistent global trade uncertainties. The rupee touched a record low against the US dollar in early December after declining around five per cent in 2025, driven by concerns over trade relations and the impact of tariffs on exports.

Key challenges remain for India

While India’s overall economic size has expanded rapidly, income levels remain relatively low. According to World Bank data, India’s GDP per capita stood at $2,694 in 2024, far below Japan’s $32,487 and Germany’s $56,103.

India also faces the challenge of employment generation. More than a quarter of its 1.4 billion population is aged between 10 and 26, underscoring the need to create well-paying jobs for millions of young graduates entering the workforce.

Growth outlook remains strong

Global institutions continue to project robust growth for India. The World Bank has forecast economic growth of 6.5 per cent in 2026. Moody’s expects India to remain the fastest-growing G20 economy, with growth of 6.4 per cent in 2026 and 6.5 per cent in 2027.

The International Monetary Fund has revised its outlook upward, projecting growth of 6.6 per cent in 2025 and 6.2 per cent in 2026. Other agencies, including the OECD, Asian Development Bank, S&P and Fitch, have also issued optimistic forecasts, citing strong consumer demand and reform momentum.

The government reiterated its long-term ambition of achieving high middle-income status by 2047, the centenary year of India’s independence, driven by sustained economic growth, structural reforms and social progress.

Earlier this year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced broad consumption tax cuts and advanced labour law reforms after economic growth slowed to a four-year low in the year ended March 31.

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Magnitude 7 earthquake strikes Tibet after floods

A magnitude 7 earthquake struck northern Tibet on Thursday, October 22. The tremor came weeks after deadly flash floods and landslides hit the mountainous region near the Nepal-China border. Initial reports did not confirm casualties or damage from the earthquake.

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earthquake-tremors

A powerful earthquake measuring magnitude 7 struck northern Tibet on Thursday, October 22, weeks after deadly flash floods and landslides devastated parts of the mountainous region near the Nepal-China border.

The earthquake struck the Nagqu region of Tibet, according to initial reports from earthquake monitoring agencies. The tremor occurred at around 10:33 pm local time in China, with the epicentre located in a county in northern Tibet.

The earthquake was reported at a depth of around 10 kilometres by China’s Earthquake Networks Center. The United States Geological Survey also reported the magnitude 7 tremor, placing its depth at approximately 18 kilometres.

There were no immediate confirmed reports of casualties or property damage following the earthquake, according to initial information available after the tremor.

Earthquake strikes northern Tibet

The earthquake occurred in the Nagqu region, approximately 400 kilometres from Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.

The tremor was recorded on Thursday evening, with monitoring agencies reporting slightly different estimates of its depth. China’s Earthquake Networks Center placed the epicentre at a depth of 10 kilometres, while the US Geological Survey reported a depth of 18 kilometres.

Further information about the earthquake’s impact was awaited at the time of the initial reports.

Tibet earthquake follows deadly flash floods

The earthquake struck weeks after devastating flash floods and landslides affected the mountainous region along the Nepal-China border in late August.

The earlier disaster followed an ice-and-rock avalanche near the border on August 26, triggering flash floods that swept through downstream areas. Homes, roads, bridges and power infrastructure were among the structures affected, while rescue and recovery operations continued in the aftermath.

The floods caused extensive destruction and left thousands of people dead or missing across the affected region, according to reports published after the disaster.

The latest earthquake is a separate event from the earlier avalanche and flooding disaster. An assessment of its effects was not immediately available.

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Macron rejects Trump’s immigration claims over France riots

French President Emmanuel Macron criticised Donald Trump and other foreign leaders over their comments on France’s recent unrest. Macron rejected claims that the country was being overrun by migrants and Islamists, calling such assertions false.

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French President Emmanuel Macron has criticised US President Donald Trump and other foreign leaders for their remarks about the recent unrest in France, accusing them of using the situation to advance their political agendas.

Speaking to reporters in Doha on Wednesday, October 21, Macron said foreign manipulation of information following the violence and looting had led to comments he described as “unacceptable” and “stupid”.

When asked whether he was referring to Trump, Macron replied, “Among others.”

The remarks came after Trump attributed the unrest in France to immigration and urged European countries to tighten their borders. Macron rejected claims that France had been overrun by migrants and Islamists, describing them as false.

Macron rejects claims linking unrest to immigration

Trump had argued that immigration was responsible for the violence in France, dismissing other explanations related to education and social concerns. He also urged Macron to close France’s borders, warning that the country faced serious consequences if it failed to act.

In a post on his social media platform Truth Social, Trump claimed that immigration had damaged France and called on the country to regain control of its borders.

Macron pushed back against this narrative, saying that some foreign leaders were repeating misleading claims about the situation. He also highlighted the circulation of artificial intelligence-generated images that depicted events he said had never taken place in France.

The French president said claims that the country had been invaded by large numbers of migrants and Islamists were “completely false”.

Macron argued that some politicians were using France’s domestic situation to support their own political campaigns, particularly as elections approach in their respective countries.

French minister offers to counter misinformation

French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot said his office could provide clarification to countries concerned about the situation.

He said the aim was to help prevent the spread or amplification of false information and unsupported claims on social media.

Macron also criticised those speaking negatively about France during the unrest, saying that foreign leaders should not exploit the country’s difficulties for political purposes.

Protests driven by rising living costs

The unrest followed demonstrations over rising living costs, inflation and concerns about public services. The protests initially involved students demanding more teachers and better school conditions before expanding to include trade unions and others concerned about economic pressures.

Violence and looting subsequently affected Paris and other French cities.

The French interior ministry estimated that 550,000 people took part in the nationwide demonstrations, while the CGT trade union put attendance at 800,000. The demands reported in connection with the demonstrations centred on living costs and public services rather than immigration.

The French government has faced pressure to prevent further violence, with additional demonstrations planned in the coming days.

Macron said France had the means to maintain order and indicated that a state of emergency was not necessary at that stage.

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Marco Rubio says India and US share extraordinary alignment on key issues

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said India and the United States share an extraordinary alignment on core issues, even though disagreements between the two countries may arise.

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US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has described the relationship between India and the United States as one marked by an “extraordinary alignment” on important national interests, while acknowledging that the two countries may disagree on certain matters.

Speaking at a ‘Freedom 250’ reception in Mumbai on Tuesday during his visit to India, Rubio said the partnership between the two countries could play a significant role in shaping the 21st century. He emphasised the importance of cooperation between the two nations on issues that affect their respective national interests.

Rubio highlights shared priorities in the Indo-Pacific

Rubio identified the need for a free and open Indo-Pacific as a key area of common ground between New Delhi and Washington. He said both countries had an interest in ensuring that no nation claimed dominance over international shipping routes.

He acknowledged that disagreements between countries were inevitable but said the alignment between India and the US on core issues remained significant, particularly given the size and influence of both nations.

Rubio also described India as a powerful, influential and advanced country, calling it a strong geopolitical partner for the United States.

India-US relationship could shape the 21st century

Rubio said the partnership between the two countries could help shape the course of the coming decades. He pointed to shared values, including individual dignity, democratic principles and the rule of law, as common ground between the two nations.

He also noted that decisions being taken today on geopolitics, economics, trade and commerce would have consequences for future generations.

The US Secretary of State said he believed the relationship between India and the United States could positively influence what the 21st century looks like.

Trade ties remain an important part of the relationship

Rubio’s remarks come amid ongoing discussions between India and the United States over trade and other bilateral issues.

Earlier on Tuesday, he said the two countries were very close to signing a bilateral trade agreement, with a small number of outstanding points still to be resolved.

Trade relations have faced challenges over tariffs, India’s purchases of Russian oil and US immigration policies. Despite these differences, Rubio’s comments underscored Washington’s emphasis on the broader strategic partnership with New Delhi.

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