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India overtakes Japan, set to challenge Germany for third-largest economy

India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy and is on track to challenge Germany for the third spot within the next three years.

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India overtakes Japan, set to challenge Germany for third-largest economy

India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy, marking a significant milestone in its economic journey. According to the government’s end-of-year economic review, India’s nominal gross domestic product has reached $4.18 trillion, placing it behind only the United States, China and Germany.

While the official confirmation will come in 2026 with the release of final annual GDP figures, international data already points in this direction. Projections indicate that India is on track to consolidate its position ahead of Japan in the current year.

India’s global economic standing improves

International projections show India continuing its upward trajectory. Estimates for 2026 place India’s economy at $4.51 trillion, marginally ahead of Japan’s projected $4.46 trillion. This strengthens expectations that India has effectively moved into the fourth position globally.

The government has said India is now poised to overtake Germany to become the world’s third-largest economy within the next two-and-a-half to three years. The economic review projects India’s GDP to reach $7.3 trillion by 2030, supported by strong domestic demand and ongoing structural reforms.

India first entered the top five global economies in 2022, when its GDP surpassed that of Britain, according to international financial data.

Growth continues despite global uncertainties

The government’s assessment comes at a time of global economic uncertainty. In August, Washington imposed steep tariffs on New Delhi over its purchases of Russian oil, adding pressure on trade and currency markets.

Despite these challenges, the review highlighted India’s economic resilience, stating that growth has remained strong amid persistent global trade uncertainties. The rupee touched a record low against the US dollar in early December after declining around five per cent in 2025, driven by concerns over trade relations and the impact of tariffs on exports.

Key challenges remain for India

While India’s overall economic size has expanded rapidly, income levels remain relatively low. According to World Bank data, India’s GDP per capita stood at $2,694 in 2024, far below Japan’s $32,487 and Germany’s $56,103.

India also faces the challenge of employment generation. More than a quarter of its 1.4 billion population is aged between 10 and 26, underscoring the need to create well-paying jobs for millions of young graduates entering the workforce.

Growth outlook remains strong

Global institutions continue to project robust growth for India. The World Bank has forecast economic growth of 6.5 per cent in 2026. Moody’s expects India to remain the fastest-growing G20 economy, with growth of 6.4 per cent in 2026 and 6.5 per cent in 2027.

The International Monetary Fund has revised its outlook upward, projecting growth of 6.6 per cent in 2025 and 6.2 per cent in 2026. Other agencies, including the OECD, Asian Development Bank, S&P and Fitch, have also issued optimistic forecasts, citing strong consumer demand and reform momentum.

The government reiterated its long-term ambition of achieving high middle-income status by 2047, the centenary year of India’s independence, driven by sustained economic growth, structural reforms and social progress.

Earlier this year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced broad consumption tax cuts and advanced labour law reforms after economic growth slowed to a four-year low in the year ended March 31.

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Putin praises PM Modi, says he has very good ideas on Ukraine war

Russian President Vladimir Putin has praised Prime Minister Narendra Modi for repeatedly raising the need to end the Ukraine war, describing his ideas for a settlement as “very good”.

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Vladimir Putin

Russian President Vladimir Putin has praised Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his continued efforts to promote an end to the Russia-Ukraine war, saying the Indian leader has “very good ideas” aimed at finding a mutually acceptable solution.

Putin made the remarks while addressing the Valdai Forum of international Russia experts, where he spoke about Modi’s repeated efforts to raise the issue of ending the conflict.

What Putin said about PM Modi

Putin said Modi has continued to raise the question of ending the conflict despite the close and friendly relationship between India and Russia.

According to Putin, the Prime Minister has shown a strong interest in finding a solution and has ideas that could help identify mutually acceptable ways to resolve the conflict.

Putin also described India’s position as neutral while highlighting Modi’s interest in bringing the conflict to an end through peaceful means.

The Russian president expressed gratitude to Modi for his ideas and his desire to see the conflict end as soon as possible.

Modi’s position on the Ukraine war

PM Modi has repeatedly called for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve conflicts, including during his meetings with Putin.

During their September 11 meeting in New Delhi, Modi reiterated that dialogue and diplomacy are the way forward for resolving conflicts.

Modi had also told Putin during their meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Bishkek that the situation needed to move from “endless war” towards an end to the war.

India has consistently maintained that conflicts should be addressed through dialogue and peaceful means, with Modi previously describing the present period as not being an era of war.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict began in February 2022 and has continued despite repeated diplomatic efforts to seek a resolution.

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S Jaishankar calls Pakistan a “serial practitioner of terrorism” at UN

S Jaishankar criticised Pakistan at the UN General Assembly, referring to a “serial practitioner of terrorism” and warning against attempts to normalise terrorism.

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S Jayshankar

External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar criticised Pakistan during his address to the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, saying that a “serial practitioner of terrorism” had misrepresented facts and that arguments were being made to normalise terrorism. 

Jaishankar’s remarks came a day after Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif addressed the UN General Assembly and spoke about the 2025 military confrontation between India and Pakistan.

Jaishankar’s message to Pakistan

Referring to Pakistan without naming it directly in that remark, Jaishankar said a “serial practitioner of terrorism” had misrepresented facts before the UN General Assembly.

He said arguments were being made to normalise terrorism and claim immunity from its consequences, adding that such an approach would not stand. 

Jaishankar reiterated India’s position that the country would exercise its right to defend itself against terrorism.

He also said that friendship and goodwill could not coexist with terrorism and that understandings based on such circumstances would naturally be called into question. 

“It is for the perpetrator of terrorism to mend its ways,” Jaishankar said.

India stresses zero tolerance on terrorism

Jaishankar described terrorism as a persistent threat to peace and called for governments involved in cross-border terrorism to be held accountable.

He also stressed that there should be no dilution in India’s zero-tolerance approach towards terrorism and particularly called for greater attention to its financial aspects.

His remarks came a day after Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif referred to the 2025 India-Pakistan military confrontation during his UN General Assembly address. 

Jaishankar backs two-state solution for Palestine

During his UN address, Jaishankar also spoke about the situation in West Asia and said India was prepared to contribute to efforts addressing food and energy security amid continuing tensions and violence.

On the Palestine issue, he reiterated India’s longstanding support for a two-state solution.

Jaishankar said India was also contributing humanitarian assistance and relief efforts for the Palestinian people.

He also warned about continuing threats and pressures around the world and stressed the need for greater stability, security and predictability.

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Trump rejects Iran’s 7-day peace plan, says deal can come after US polls

US President Donald Trump rejected Iran’s seven-day proposal to end hostilities and indicated that a deal could come after the US midterm elections in November.

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Donald Trump

US President Donald Trump has rejected Iran’s latest proposal aimed at bringing an end to the ongoing conflict, while indicating that a possible agreement could come after the US midterm elections in November.

Iran had proposed a seven-day framework under which hostilities could be brought to an end, the Strait of Hormuz could be reopened and negotiations over its nuclear programme could resume.

Iran’s seven-day proposal

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Tehran had put forward the proposal through intermediaries. Under the plan, the Strait of Hormuz would be reopened by the end of the seventh day if specified conditions were met, while broader nuclear discussions would restart.

The proposal was based largely on an earlier understanding reached between Washington and Tehran, but Iran sought to implement the latest framework much faster. The earlier arrangement had provided a longer period for negotiations.

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically important waterway for global energy shipments, making its reopening a key element of any effort to ease the wider conflict.

Trump points to US midterm elections

Trump, speaking at the United Nations, showed no indication that he was ready to immediately resume negotiations on the terms proposed by Tehran.

He called for the economic isolation of Iran and said he believed a deal could be reached after the US midterm elections in November. Trump also said Iran was waiting to see how he performed in the midterm elections.

The remarks came as Iranian officials signalled that they remained open to diplomacy and described the UN General Assembly as an opportunity to revive negotiations.

Nuclear talks remain part of Iran proposal

Iran’s latest plan links the easing of hostilities with the resumption of negotiations over its nuclear programme.

The proposal follows the collapse of an earlier US-Iran arrangement. According to reporting on the latest proposal, the new framework is intended to compress the timeline for implementing commitments that had previously been discussed by the two sides.

For now, Trump’s remarks indicate that Washington is not accepting Tehran’s seven-day framework as presented, while Iran continues to put diplomacy and negotiations forward as part of its proposal.

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