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Air pollution can impair brain development in babies, warns UNICEF report

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AIRPOLLUTION

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A UNICEF report released on Wednesday, Dec 6 – a day after the first International Smog Day – says babies in South Asia face the danger of poor brain development due to air pollution.

The report comes at a time when north India, particularly Delhi and adjoining areas, battle high pollution levels with air quality swaying from ‘very poor’ to ‘emergency’ levels, restricting physical activity and forcing closure of schools.

The UN agency, in its report “Danger in the Air: How air pollution can affect brain development in young children”, said Asia accounts for more than 16 million of the world’s 17 million infants aged under one year living in areas with severe pollution — at least six times more than safe levels.

India topped the list of countries with babies at risk, followed by China.

Satellite imagery used to assess pollution levels around the world found that South Asian countries accounted for 12.2 million of the total number of affected children but that there is also a growing problem in African cities.

The report notes that breathing in particulate air pollution can damage brain tissue and undermine cognitive development – with lifelong implications and setbacks.

Air pollution has already been linked to asthma, bronchitis, and other long-term respiratory diseases.

“But a growing body of scientific research points to a potential new risk that air pollution poses to children’s lives and futures: its impact on their developing brains,” UNICEF said.

The report highlighted links found between pollution and brain functions “including verbal and nonverbal IQ and memory, reduced test scores, grade point averages among school children, as well as other neurological behavioural problems.”

Air pollutants inhaled during pregnancy can affect the developing brain of a foetus, with potential lifelong effects, says the report.

One study reports a four-point drop in IQ by the age of 5 among a sample of children exposed in utero to toxic air pollution, it said.

The report said further research was needed to study the full impact of air pollution on children’s developing brains. “As yet, we know the minimum – but not the maximum – extent of the harm. The variety of types of pollutants that are in the air across different environments make it difficult to determine the full impact of air pollution. But this growing body of research does provide an indication of the scale of harm,” said the UNICEF.

“As more and more of the world urbanises, and without adequate protection and pollution reduction measures, more children will be at risk in the years to come.”

The author of the “Danger In The Air” report, Nicholas Rees, told AFP that toxic pollution is “impacting children’s learning, their memories, linguistic and motor skills.”

UNICEF urged more efforts to cut pollution, and also to reduce children’s exposure to the poisonous smog which has frequently reached hazardous levels in Indian cities in recent weeks.

It called for a greater use of masks, air filtration systems and for children to avoid travelling when pollution levels are at their highest.

Rees said masks help “but very importantly they have to have good filters and they also have to fit children’s faces well. A mask that does not fit the face well won’t work.”[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1512568093364{border-bottom-width: 20px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;background-color: #a2b1bf !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Excerpt from the UNICEF press release:

The paper shows that air pollution, like inadequate nutrition and stimulation, and exposure to violence during the critical first 1,000 days of life, can impact children’s early childhood development by affecting their growing brains. Here are the main points of the report:

  • Ultrafine pollution particles are so small that they can enter the blood stream, travel to the brain, and damage the blood-brain barrier, which can cause neuro-inflammation.
  • Some pollution particles, such as ultrafine magnetite, can enter the body through the olfactory nerve and the gut, and, due to their magnetic charge, create oxidative stress – which is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Other types of pollution particles, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can damage areas in the brain that are critical in helping neurons communicate, the foundation for children’s learning and development.
  • A young child’s brain is especially vulnerable because it can be damaged by a smaller dosage of toxic chemicals, compared to an adult’s brain. Children are also highly vulnerable to air pollution because they breathe more rapidly and also because their physical defences and immunities are not fully developed.

The paper outlines urgent steps to reduce the impact of air pollution on babies’ growing brains, including immediate steps parents can take to reduce children’s exposure in the home to harmful fumes produced by tobacco products, cook stoves and heating fires:

  • Reduce air pollution by investing in cleaner, renewable sources of energy to replace fossil fuel combustion; provide affordable access to public transport; increase green spaces in urban areas; and provide better waste management options to prevent open burning of harmful chemicals.
  • Reduce children’s exposure to pollutants by making it feasible for children to travel during times of the day when air pollution is lower; provide appropriately fitting air filtration masks in extreme cases; and create smart urban planning so that major sources of pollution are not located near schools, clinics or hospitals.
  • Improve children’s overall health to improve their resilience. This includes the prevention and treatment of pneumonia, as well as the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and good nutrition.
  • Improve knowledge and monitoring of air pollution. Reducing children’s exposure to pollutants and the sources of air pollution begins with understanding the quality of air they are breathing in the first place.

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India News

Rahul Gandhi to visit Indore over contaminated water deaths, draws mixed political reactions

Rahul Gandhi is set to visit Indore to meet families affected by contaminated water deaths as BJP and Congress leaders exchange sharp yet contrasting responses.

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Rahul-Gandhi

Leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha Rahul Gandhi is scheduled to visit Indore on Saturday amid mounting political and public concern over deaths linked to contaminated drinking water in the city. His visit has triggered varied responses from political leaders, reflecting the tense atmosphere surrounding the issue.

According to the proposed itinerary, Rahul Gandhi will begin his visit at Bombay Hospital, where several people affected by contaminated water are currently undergoing treatment. He is expected to meet patients and their families before proceeding to Bhagirathpura, the area identified as the epicentre of the crisis. There, he will interact with families who lost relatives after consuming contaminated water.

BJP veteran welcomes visit, stresses democratic role of opposition

Former Lok Sabha Speaker and senior BJP leader Sumitra Mahajan welcomed Rahul Gandhi’s visit, adopting a conciliatory tone and underlining the importance of opposition voices in a democracy.

“This is how democracy works,” Mahajan said, adding that the opposition has a responsibility to raise issues affecting the public. She recalled that when her party was in the opposition, it fought strongly to earn people’s trust by standing with them during difficult times.

Chief minister warns against ‘politics over tragedy’

In contrast, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav issued a sharp warning without naming Rahul Gandhi directly, cautioning against what he described as politicisation of a tragedy.

“We have faced this difficult phase with sensitivity,” the chief minister said. He added that Indore would not tolerate politics being played over deaths and stressed that protests must remain constructive, warning of serious consequences if the issue is used for political gain.

Closed-door meeting fuels political discussion

Adding to the political churn, Madhya Pradesh Congress president Jitu Patwari met Sumitra Mahajan at her residence in a closed-door meeting. The discussion focused on the Bhagirathpura water contamination incident and possible long-term solutions, fuelling speculation across political circles.

Speaking to the media later, Patwari said the tragedy should not be turned into a political contest. “This is not just a political issue, it is a serious public health issue,” he said, noting that several parts of Madhya Pradesh are facing problems related to contaminated drinking water.

Patwari stressed that ensuring access to clean and potable water should take precedence over political rhetoric. He said the government must focus on protecting Indore’s reputation and safeguarding the future by strengthening the city’s water supply system.

Responding to queries, Sumitra Mahajan said Patwari had been meeting her for a long time and spoke positively about his efforts. She confirmed that the discussion centred on the Bhagirathpura incident and said she offered suggestions, calling for collective efforts to resolve the crisis.

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Suvendu Adhikari files Rs 100-crore defamation suit against Mamata Banerjee

Suvendu Adhikari has moved an Alipore court seeking Rs 100 crore in damages from Mamata Banerjee, alleging defamation over coal scam claims.

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Suvendu-Adhikari

West Bengal opposition leader and BJP MLA Suvendu Adhikari on Friday filed a defamation suit against Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, seeking Rs 100 crore in damages for allegedly linking him to a coal scam.

In a post on social media, Adhikari said the suit was filed before the court of the civil judge (senior division) at Alipore after Banerjee did not respond to a legal notice sent to her earlier.

Adhikari accused the chief minister of making what he described as “imaginary allegations” and said her silence on the defamation notice had compelled him to move court.

“I honour my commitments while you obfuscate issues and people. Your deceptive silence to the defamation notice pertaining to your vile imaginary allegations of my involvement in some alleged coal scam will not help you salvage the situation,” Adhikari wrote on X.

He added that he had kept his word of initiating legal action and shared a photograph related to the registration of the civil suit.

Adhikari also stated that if damages are awarded in his favour, the amount would be donated to charity.

Legal notice and allegations

According to Adhikari, the legal notice sent through his advocate referred to statements made by Banerjee on January 8 and 9, during which she allegedly linked him and Union Home Minister Amit Shah to an alleged coal scam while claiming to possess evidence.

In the notice, Adhikari had asked Banerjee to substantiate the allegations within 72 hours, failing which he would proceed with a defamation suit.

Adhikari, who was earlier a minister in the Trinamool Congress government, joined the BJP ahead of the 2021 West Bengal Assembly elections and is currently the leader of the opposition in the state assembly.

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Ajit Pawar concedes civic poll setback, says public mandate is supreme

Ajit Pawar has accepted defeat in Maharashtra’s civic polls, acknowledging the public mandate and pledging stronger efforts to rebuild trust ahead of future elections.

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Ajit Pawar

Deputy Chief Minister and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) chief Ajit Pawar on Friday accepted the verdict of the recently concluded municipal corporation elections in Maharashtra, stating that the public’s mandate must be respected above all else.

Following near-clear results in the 29 municipal corporations across the state, Pawar took to social media to formally acknowledge the party’s poor performance in several major urban centres. He said the outcome reflected the will of the people and congratulated all winning candidates.

“The public’s mandate is supreme, and we accept it with complete respect. I heartily congratulate all the winning candidates and wish them success in their upcoming terms,” Pawar said.

Ajit Pawar promises renewed effort after losses

Addressing the party’s inability to achieve the expected results, the NCP leader said his faction would introspect and work harder to regain the confidence of voters.

“In this local body election, where we did not achieve the expected success, I assure you that we will work with more responsibility, honesty and double the vigour to regain the public’s trust,” he said.

He also urged newly elected representatives to focus on public issues and speed up development work. At the same time, Pawar encouraged party workers and candidates who lost the elections to remain committed to public service, underlining that serving citizens should remain the central objective.

Setback in traditional strongholds

The civic poll results have been viewed as a significant setback for Ajit Pawar, particularly in western Maharashtra. Despite choosing to contest independently in several areas—separate from Mahayuti partners BJP and the Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena—to demonstrate the strength of his faction, the NCP suffered major losses in Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad.

Both municipal corporations, long regarded as strongholds of the Pawar family, witnessed a decisive lead and victory for the BJP, leaving Ajit Pawar’s faction trailing in third or fourth position.

In Mumbai and Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, the party struggled to make an impact, failing to secure even double-digit seats in the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Political observers believe the strategy of “friendly contests” against the BJP did not yield the desired outcome. The results indicate that the traditional Pawar support base may have split between Ajit Pawar and his uncle Sharad Pawar’s faction, indirectly benefiting the BJP.

The outcome of the 2026 civic polls is being seen as an important signal ahead of the 2029 Maharashtra Assembly elections, pointing to shifting political equations within the ruling alliance.

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