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Air pollution can impair brain development in babies, warns UNICEF report

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AIRPOLLUTION

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]A UNICEF report released on Wednesday, Dec 6 – a day after the first International Smog Day – says babies in South Asia face the danger of poor brain development due to air pollution.

The report comes at a time when north India, particularly Delhi and adjoining areas, battle high pollution levels with air quality swaying from ‘very poor’ to ‘emergency’ levels, restricting physical activity and forcing closure of schools.

The UN agency, in its report “Danger in the Air: How air pollution can affect brain development in young children”, said Asia accounts for more than 16 million of the world’s 17 million infants aged under one year living in areas with severe pollution — at least six times more than safe levels.

India topped the list of countries with babies at risk, followed by China.

Satellite imagery used to assess pollution levels around the world found that South Asian countries accounted for 12.2 million of the total number of affected children but that there is also a growing problem in African cities.

The report notes that breathing in particulate air pollution can damage brain tissue and undermine cognitive development – with lifelong implications and setbacks.

Air pollution has already been linked to asthma, bronchitis, and other long-term respiratory diseases.

“But a growing body of scientific research points to a potential new risk that air pollution poses to children’s lives and futures: its impact on their developing brains,” UNICEF said.

The report highlighted links found between pollution and brain functions “including verbal and nonverbal IQ and memory, reduced test scores, grade point averages among school children, as well as other neurological behavioural problems.”

Air pollutants inhaled during pregnancy can affect the developing brain of a foetus, with potential lifelong effects, says the report.

One study reports a four-point drop in IQ by the age of 5 among a sample of children exposed in utero to toxic air pollution, it said.

The report said further research was needed to study the full impact of air pollution on children’s developing brains. “As yet, we know the minimum – but not the maximum – extent of the harm. The variety of types of pollutants that are in the air across different environments make it difficult to determine the full impact of air pollution. But this growing body of research does provide an indication of the scale of harm,” said the UNICEF.

“As more and more of the world urbanises, and without adequate protection and pollution reduction measures, more children will be at risk in the years to come.”

The author of the “Danger In The Air” report, Nicholas Rees, told AFP that toxic pollution is “impacting children’s learning, their memories, linguistic and motor skills.”

UNICEF urged more efforts to cut pollution, and also to reduce children’s exposure to the poisonous smog which has frequently reached hazardous levels in Indian cities in recent weeks.

It called for a greater use of masks, air filtration systems and for children to avoid travelling when pollution levels are at their highest.

Rees said masks help “but very importantly they have to have good filters and they also have to fit children’s faces well. A mask that does not fit the face well won’t work.”[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1512568093364{border-bottom-width: 20px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;background-color: #a2b1bf !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]Excerpt from the UNICEF press release:

The paper shows that air pollution, like inadequate nutrition and stimulation, and exposure to violence during the critical first 1,000 days of life, can impact children’s early childhood development by affecting their growing brains. Here are the main points of the report:

  • Ultrafine pollution particles are so small that they can enter the blood stream, travel to the brain, and damage the blood-brain barrier, which can cause neuro-inflammation.
  • Some pollution particles, such as ultrafine magnetite, can enter the body through the olfactory nerve and the gut, and, due to their magnetic charge, create oxidative stress – which is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Other types of pollution particles, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can damage areas in the brain that are critical in helping neurons communicate, the foundation for children’s learning and development.
  • A young child’s brain is especially vulnerable because it can be damaged by a smaller dosage of toxic chemicals, compared to an adult’s brain. Children are also highly vulnerable to air pollution because they breathe more rapidly and also because their physical defences and immunities are not fully developed.

The paper outlines urgent steps to reduce the impact of air pollution on babies’ growing brains, including immediate steps parents can take to reduce children’s exposure in the home to harmful fumes produced by tobacco products, cook stoves and heating fires:

  • Reduce air pollution by investing in cleaner, renewable sources of energy to replace fossil fuel combustion; provide affordable access to public transport; increase green spaces in urban areas; and provide better waste management options to prevent open burning of harmful chemicals.
  • Reduce children’s exposure to pollutants by making it feasible for children to travel during times of the day when air pollution is lower; provide appropriately fitting air filtration masks in extreme cases; and create smart urban planning so that major sources of pollution are not located near schools, clinics or hospitals.
  • Improve children’s overall health to improve their resilience. This includes the prevention and treatment of pneumonia, as well as the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and good nutrition.
  • Improve knowledge and monitoring of air pollution. Reducing children’s exposure to pollutants and the sources of air pollution begins with understanding the quality of air they are breathing in the first place.

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India News

AAP targets Delhi LG with Ghajini dig over pollution row, BJP hits back

AAP’s ‘Ghajini’ dig at Delhi LG over air pollution has drawn a sharp response from the BJP, escalating the political blame game as the capital’s AQI remains poor.

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The political sparring over Delhi’s air pollution intensified after the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) took a swipe at Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena using a film reference, prompting a sharp rebuttal from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The exchange comes at a time when air quality in the national capital has shown marginal improvement but continues to remain in the “poor” category.

The trigger for the latest round of accusations was a letter written by LG Saxena to AAP’s national convener and former chief minister Arvind Kejriwal. In the letter, the LG claimed that when he had raised concerns about pollution during Kejriwal’s tenure as chief minister, the issue was played down. According to Saxena, Kejriwal had remarked that pollution becomes a topic of discussion only for a few days every year before fading from public attention.

AAP’s ‘Ghajini’ poster attack

Reacting to the letter, AAP accused the LG of shifting responsibility instead of addressing the ongoing pollution crisis. The party shared an edited image on X, portraying Saxena as the lead character from the film Ghajini, a role associated with short-term memory loss.

In the post, AAP alleged that the LG was ignoring the fact that the BJP is currently in power in Delhi and therefore accountable for managing the pollution situation. The caption accompanying the image read, “L – Low Quality; G – Ghajini,” while the poster claimed that the LG had “become Ghajini.” The visual also carried text suggesting blame being repeatedly placed on Arvind Kejriwal for rising AQI levels.

BJP’s response and counter-accusation

The BJP responded strongly to AAP’s jibe, asserting that while the present government is addressing pollution, responsibility for long-term damage cannot be ignored. Speaking to media, Delhi BJP chief Virendra Sachdeva said the party is answerable for current conditions but questioned whether it should also be held accountable for what he termed the failures of the previous AAP government over the past 12 years.

Sachdeva echoed the claims mentioned in the LG’s letter, stating that concerns over pollution were earlier dismissed as seasonal issues. He further argued that air pollution is a year-round problem and accused AAP of attempting to shift the entire burden onto a government that has been in office for only the past several months.

Referring to the ‘Ghajini’ poster, the BJP leader said that if forgetfulness was the theme, AAP should have used Kejriwal’s image instead, alleging that the former chief minister had distanced himself from his responsibilities after electoral setbacks. He added that the current administration would require time to correct what he described as mistakes made during the previous government’s tenure.

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Traffic slows in Himachal Pradesh as year-end tourist rush chokes roads to Shimla, Manali

Heavy tourist inflow during the Christmas-New Year period has slowed traffic in Himachal Pradesh, with Shimla, Manali and Dharamshala witnessing long vehicle queues.

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Shimla traffic

Traffic movement across key hill destinations in Himachal Pradesh slowed to a crawl as a heavy influx of tourists marked the year-end holiday season. Long weekends around Christmas and New Year prompted travellers, particularly from Delhi-NCR, to head towards Shimla, Manali and Dharamshala, leading to long queues of vehicles on mountain roads.

A major attraction this season is the nine-day Winter Carnival being held at the historic Ridge Ground in Shimla. The event has drawn visitors from different parts of the country, with many attending it for the first time. Tourists described the carnival as lively and enjoyable, especially for families visiting during Christmas week.

Some visitors said the festive atmosphere exceeded their expectations, while others felt the absence of snowfall slightly dampened the experience. Tourists from states including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Mizoram shared that snowfall during Christmas would have added to the overall charm of the hill station.

Heavy inflow of vehicles, police step up arrangements

Apart from Shimla, popular destinations such as Kullu-Manali and Dharamshala are also witnessing a steady rise in tourist numbers. Gramphu has emerged as the only snow spot currently accessible to non-4×4 vehicles, adding to the pressure on limited routes.

Police officials estimate that between 8,000 and 10,000 vehicles are entering Shimla daily during the Christmas-to-New Year period. Over the next seven days, more than three lakh tourists are expected to visit the state capital alone.

To manage traffic and ensure safety, around 400 police personnel have been deployed across sensitive and high-footfall areas. The Shimla police administration has appealed to tourists to follow traffic rules and cooperate with authorities. Officials said preparations have been made for crowd management, security checks and traffic regulation at major junctions, as congestion continues to build across the hill town.

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BJP gets its first mayor in Kerala as VV Rajesh takes charge in Thiruvananthapuram

The BJP has created history in Kerala after VV Rajesh was sworn in as Thiruvananthapuram’s first mayor from the party, ending decades of CPM control over the civic body.

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BJP

The BJP on Friday marked a historic political moment in Kerala after VV Rajesh was sworn in as the mayor of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation. This is the first time the party has secured the mayor’s post in the state capital, signalling a significant shift in Kerala’s urban political landscape.

Rajesh’s election follows the party’s unexpected performance in the municipal elections held earlier this month, where the BJP emerged as the single-largest party by winning 50 of the 101 seats in the civic body.

Rajesh promises inclusive development across all wards

After taking oath, VV Rajesh said the focus of the new leadership would be on collective growth and inclusive governance. He stated that development work would be carried out across all 101 wards, with the aim of transforming Thiruvananthapuram into a developed city.

Rajesh secured 51 votes in the mayoral election conducted in the 100-member House, crossing the halfway mark. The CPM candidate RP Shivaji received 29 votes, while the Congress-led UDF nominee KS Sabarinathan got 19 votes. One independent councillor abstained, while support from another independent councillor proved crucial for the BJP’s victory.

Breakthrough comes ahead of key state election

The development comes less than six months before a major election in Kerala, a state where the BJP has historically struggled. The party has never formed a government in the state and has had limited legislative presence in the past.

The mayoral win also ends decades of control by the CPM over the Thiruvananthapuram civic body. The state capital is also a Lok Sabha constituency currently represented by Congress leader Shashi Tharoor.

BJP leadership targets governance overhaul

Following the swearing-in ceremony, Kerala BJP president Rajeev Chandrasekhar criticised the previous administration, alleging long-standing governance failures and corruption in the civic body. He said basic civic issues such as drainage, water supply and solid waste management had been neglected for years, and asserted that the new administration would begin work immediately to improve the city’s infrastructure.

The party has set a target of making Thiruvananthapuram one of the top cities in the country, according to Chandrasekhar.

Internal debate preceded mayoral choice

The selection of VV Rajesh as mayor followed internal discussions within the BJP. The party was reportedly divided between Rajesh and former Director General of Police R Sreelekha before consensus emerged in Rajesh’s favour. Sreelekha, who won from the Sasthamangalam ward, is known for her earlier role handling economic offence cases.

Union minister Suresh Gopi and Rajeev Chandrasekhar were present during Rajesh’s oath-taking ceremony.

Wider impact on Kerala’s political landscape

Overall results in the local body elections have posed challenges for the ruling Left Democratic Front, while the Congress-led United Democratic Front secured control of four out of six municipal bodies. Prime Minister Narendra Modi later described the BJP’s Thiruvananthapuram win as a “watershed moment,” crediting party workers for the breakthrough.

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