India has officially suspended the Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan, citing continued cross-border terrorism as the key reason. The decision was communicated on Thursday evening through a formal letter sent by the Union Ministry of Water Resources to Pakistan’s Water Resources Secretary, Syed Ali Murtuza.
The treaty, brokered by the World Bank in 1960, had survived multiple wars and diplomatic stand-offs between the two nations. The latest move follows the Pahalgam massacre, where 26 tourists were gunned down by militants in Jammu and Kashmir. The incident has triggered a series of non-military retaliatory measures by India.
India cites changing realities and treaty breaches
The letter emphasized that honoring a treaty in good faith is a fundamental obligation, but that has been undermined by sustained cross-border terrorism originating from Pakistan, specifically targeting the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
It further stated that several fundamental changes have occurred since the treaty’s execution — including shifts in population demographics, clean energy priorities, and altered assumptions around water-sharing. India accused Pakistan of failing to engage in negotiations despite repeated requests, thereby breaching key provisions of the treaty.
Home ministry to hold high-level meet on treaty decision
A key meeting to review the implications of the suspension is scheduled at Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s residence, with Jal Shakti Minister CR Patil and other senior ministers expected to participate. The decision was finalized during a Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
This marks the first time India has suspended the treaty — a bold move even amid previous crises, signaling a shift in New Delhi’s approach to bilateral water diplomacy.
Pakistan reacts strongly, warns of consequences
Pakistan responded with a sharp warning, stating that any attempt to block or divert Indus waters would be treated as an “act of war.” Islamabad also announced retaliatory measures: reducing Indian diplomatic presence, closing airspace to Indian flights, shutting the Wagah border, and expelling Indian Defence, Naval, and Air Advisers from Islamabad.
The Indus River system is vital to Pakistan’s agriculture, electricity production, and drinking water — making the treaty’s suspension a significant setback.
Pahalgam attack at the center of escalation
The diplomatic flashpoint originated from the terror attack in Pahalgam, where gunmen linked to a Lashkar-e-Taiba offshoot opened fire on tourists in the Baisaran area, killing 26 people. Often referred to as “mini Switzerland,” the scenic spot turned into a tragedy site, prompting public outrage and swift government action.
India responded by cancelling all visas issued to Pakistani nationals, including medical visas, and closed the Attari-Wagah border. While there was no immediate military retaliation discussed, past responses like surgical strikes and air raids following the Uri and Pulwama attacks keep that option open.
In a speech in Bihar’s Madhubani, Prime Minister Modi vowed to track and punish those responsible for the Pahalgam attack. He declared that terrorism will not go unpunished and justice will be pursued to the “ends of the earth.”