Veteran Congress leader Mani Shankar Aiyar has triggered a political controversy after describing Hindutva as “Hinduism in paranoia” during a public debate in Kolkata, prompting a strong rebuttal from leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Aiyar made the remarks at a discussion titled “Hinduism needs protection from Hindutva”, organised by the Calcutta Debating Circle at the Calcutta Club on Sunday. Several political leaders, legal experts, historians and journalists participated in the debate.

Aiyar draws distinction between Hinduism and Hindutva

Speaking at the event, Aiyar argued that Hinduism and Hindutva are fundamentally different, describing Hinduism as a spiritual and civilisational faith, while calling Hindutva a political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century.

“Hindutva is Hinduism in paranoia. It asks 80 per cent Hindus to feel threatened by 14 per cent Muslims,” Aiyar said, adding that Hinduism had survived and flourished for thousands of years without the need for what he described as political protection.

He referred to incidents involving attacks by vigilante groups and criticised actions against individuals over religious practices, beef consumption and participation in Christmas celebrations. Aiyar also cited writings of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, contrasting them with the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and Swami Vivekananda, whom he described as proponents of non-violence and inclusivity.

According to Aiyar, “There is no way Gandhi’s or Vivekananda’s Hinduism can be protected or promoted by Savarkar’s Hindutva.”

BJP leaders push back strongly

Aiyar’s comments drew an immediate response from BJP leaders present at the debate and later from party spokespersons.

BJP MP Sudhanshu Trivedi questioned the framing of the debate itself, arguing that the term “Hindutva” refers to “Hindu tattva” or the essence of Hindu philosophy. He said that associating Hinduism with the suffix “ism” was misleading and dismissive of India’s indigenous traditions.

“When you cherish Hinduism, it is called Hindutva,” Trivedi said, rejecting the distinction drawn by Aiyar.

BJP spokesperson Shehzad Poonawalla accused Aiyar of repeatedly making remarks that, according to him, insult Sanatan Dharma. He claimed that the comments echoed the Congress party’s broader stance on Hindutva.

Poonawalla also referred to past statements by Congress leaders and said that Hindutva has been defined by the Supreme Court as a “way of life.” He accused the party of attempting to portray Hindutva as violent and divisive.

Political debate intensifies

The exchange has added to the ongoing political debate over the relationship between Hinduism and Hindutva, a subject that has remained contentious in Indian politics. While Aiyar defended his views as ideological and historical critique, BJP leaders framed the remarks as an attack on religious identity.

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee on Friday escalated her confrontation with the Centre following Enforcement Directorate (ED) raids linked to the Indian Political Action Committee (I-PAC), asserting that political attacks only strengthen her resolve.

Banerjee led a nearly 6-kilometre protest rally in Kolkata, beginning from Jadavpur and ending at Hazra, with senior Trinamool Congress leaders and party workers marching alongside her. Large crowds gathered along the route in a show of support.

Addressing party supporters after the rally, the Trinamool Congress chairperson defended her decision to enter the residence of I-PAC co-founder Pratik Jain during the ED raids on Thursday, an act that has drawn criticism from the Bharatiya Janata Party and prompted demands for an investigation.

“I did nothing illegal. I went there as the Trinamool Congress chairperson,” Banerjee said, adding that several items had already been taken away by the time she reached the premises.

Allegations of misuse of central agencies

The chief minister accused the Centre of using agencies such as the ED and the Central Bureau of Investigation for political purposes. Questioning the intent behind the raids, she said political opponents were attempting to weaken her party ahead of the 2026 West Bengal Assembly elections.

“If someone tries to kill me politically, don’t I have the right to defend myself?” she asked.

The ED action against I-PAC is linked to an alleged coal scam. Banerjee claimed that leaders from the BJP were also involved in coal-related irregularities and asserted that she possessed evidence. “I have proof on pen drives. I will release it when the time comes,” she said.

‘Politically rejuvenated and reborn’

Taking a combative tone, Banerjee said repeated attempts to target her had only made her stronger politically. “If someone tries to hit me politically, I get politically rejuvenated and reborn,” she declared.

Referring to recent political developments in other states, she alleged that central agencies had been used to destabilise elected governments elsewhere, adding that similar attempts would fail in West Bengal. She expressed confidence that the Trinamool Congress would secure a decisive mandate in the 2026 Assembly polls.

BJP hits back

The BJP accused the West Bengal government of corruption and claimed that the chief minister’s actions during the ED raids raised serious questions. Party leaders alleged that Banerjee had intimidated officials and demanded that she be made an accused in the case.

The political confrontation comes hours after several Trinamool Congress MPs, including Derek O’Brien and Mahua Moitra, were detained by Delhi Police while protesting outside Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s office. Banerjee criticised the detentions, describing the ruling party’s approach to democracy as one that demands “obedience”.

What began as repeated disruptions inside the Delhi Assembly has now moved beyond the House, with the Bharatiya Janata Party taking its protest against Aam Aadmi Party leader Atishi to the streets of the national capital.

On Friday, hundreds of BJP supporters, including members of the party’s Sikh unit, marched towards the AAP headquarters, raising slogans against Atishi and AAP national convener Arvind Kejriwal. Heavy police deployment was seen along the protest route as demonstrators attempted to move closer to the party office, escalating the political standoff.

BJP sharpens protest over remarks in House

The BJP said the street protest reflected mounting anger over what it termed “insensitive” remarks made by Atishi during a discussion related to Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur in the Delhi Assembly. The controversy had already led to repeated disruptions during the Winter Session.

BJP MP Kamaljeet Sehrawat described the remarks as “shocking”, stating that Guru Tegh Bahadur’s sacrifice for his community and the nation could not be spoken of lightly. She said Atishi should apologise and step down from her position.

BJP MLA Kailash Gehlot also said the issue could not be dismissed, calling the remarks highly inappropriate and serious. Former Delhi minister and BJP leader Arvinder Singh Lovely joined the protest, terming the language used in the Assembly disgraceful and insulting to India’s spiritual heritage.

BJP MP Yogender Chandolia said the party would continue pressing for accountability, alleging that the remarks amounted to an insult to Guru Tegh Bahadur during an Assembly session. He said the BJP would not tolerate such statements and reiterated the demand for Atishi’s resignation.

Tension continues inside Delhi Assembly

Even as protests unfolded outside, the confrontation inside the Delhi Assembly showed no signs of easing. Four AAP MLAs — Sanjeev Jha, Jarnail Singh, Som Dutt and Kuldeep Kumar — were marshalled out of the House amid sloganeering and repeated disruptions.

AAP leaders accused the BJP of using the controversy to avoid discussion on governance-related issues. AAP MLA Sanjeev Jha said MLAs were punished for raising questions, alleging selective action by the Speaker. Jarnail Singh echoed similar concerns, claiming democratic norms were being undermined inside the Assembly.

Speaker orders forensic examination

Amid the escalating political row, Delhi Assembly Speaker Vijender Gupta had earlier ordered a forensic examination of a video containing the alleged remarks attributed to Atishi. The matter has also been referred to the Privileges Committee, which has been directed to submit its report within 15 days.

According to the Delhi Assembly secretariat, the inquiry will examine both the authenticity and the context of the remarks as tensions continue between the BJP and the AAP.